仿生自补偿一体式高胎体孕镶金刚石取心钻头研究

Bionic self‑compensating integrated high‑matrix impregnated diamond coring bit

针对孕镶金刚石钻头齿间相互独立,在坚硬地层中钻进极易产生打滑和单齿受力太大导致钻头损坏的难题,引入仿生爪趾结构原理和自补偿理念,研制了仿生自补偿一体式高胎体孕镶金刚石取心钻头。钻头的一体式切削齿设计,主要在单齿的齿单元间采用加强筋方式强化单齿强度,单齿与单齿间设置齿间加强筋加强,使得钻头相邻齿单元、相邻单齿间相互连接形成一个整体,在钻进过程中,钻头齿的工作唇面会产生多个超过岩石极限破坏强度但远低于钻头胎体强度的应力集中区域,不容易出现少数几个接近或超过钻头胎体强度的应力集中区域的情况。如此,钻头的整体性更好,受力均匀,切削岩石的效率更高,寿命更长,尤其对于坚硬地层,防打滑效果更好。经现场试验表明:仿生自补偿一体式高胎体孕镶金刚石取心钻头较常规钻头具有更高的碎岩效率和更长的使用寿命。

In view of the problem that the impregnated diamond bit teeth are independent of each other,and the bit is easy to slip and the individual tooth of the bit is easy to fail due to excessive force in drilling hard rocks,the bionic claw toe structure theory and the self‑compensating concept are introduced to develop a bionic self‑compensating integrated high‑matrix impregnated diamond coring bit.In the integral cutting tooth design of the drill bit,reinforcement ribs are placed between individual teeth and also between individual tooth units to strengthen the strength of individual teeth,and in such a way,the individual teeth and the individual tooth units are connected to form a whole.In the process of drilling,the working lips of the bit teeth will produce multiple stress concentration zones that exceed the ultimate failure strength of rock,but are much lower than the strength of the bit matrix.It is not prone to produce a few stress concentration zones that approach or exceed the strength of the bit body.As a result,the bit provides better integrity,more uniform force,more efficient rock cutting,longer life,and better slippage resistance,especially in hard formations.The field experiment shows that the bionic self‑compensating integrated high‑matrix impregnated diamond coring bit has higher rock breaking efficiency and longer service life than the conventional bit.