苏格拉底和智者对 “τεχνη”(技艺)的不同理解及其意义

Different Understandings of Socrates and Sophists to“τεχνη”(techne)and the Significance

智者与苏格拉底对“技艺”理解的差异,让“技艺”成为哲学的重要话题。智者将“技艺”视作一种基于感觉的能力,能够对“现实”做出判断、给出对策并寻觅操作的适当时机。苏格拉底认为“技艺”是“知识”,是对目标的通晓和熟知,也是对知识体系信仰与实践。智者和苏格拉底“技艺”的观念分别显示出“艺术”和“技术”的意义,在“技艺”观念的变化中,理智化、科学化的“技术”意义逐渐显现,非理性、创造性的“艺术”意义逐渐退却,“技艺”的两种哲学意蕴渐行渐远。

Both sophists and Socrates pay close attention to“τ'χνη”,and their discussions make“techne”an important topic of philosophy.Sophists regard“techne”as a kind of capacity based on sensibility,and it can make judgement to“reality”,give out countermeasures and seek for proper opportunity of operation.Socrates thinks that“techne”is“knowledge”,which is thorough understanding and acquaintance to objective,as well as the belief and practice of knowledge system.The understandings of sophists and Socrates to“τ'χνη”display the significance of“arts”and“technology”contained in“τ'χνη”separately.In the change of the understandings of“τ'χνη”,the rational,intelligent and generalized significance of“technology”is displayed gradually,while the contextualized,accidental and individualized significance of“art”is faded gradually,and the two original connotations of“τ'χνη”in ancient Greek start to be separated.