基于地理信息系统的高速铁路噪声地图绘制技术

High-Speed Railway Noise Mapping Technology Based on Geographic Information System

为推动噪声地图在高速铁路噪声管理中的应用,研究噪声预测模型与地理信息系统(GIS)相结合的高速铁路噪声地图绘制技术。首先,根据高速铁路噪声源分布特征和线路结构特征,优化高速铁路多等效声源预测模型和声屏障插入损失计算方法;其次,在GIS软件中搭建某高速铁路三维地理信息模型,二次开发基于该模型的铁路噪声预测技术;然后,进行离散节点的噪声计算,并通过空间插值绘制连续的噪声分布地图。研究结果表明:采用该技术绘制的我国某高速铁路噪声地图与实测结果对比误差小于1 dB(A),验证了该高速铁路噪声地图的准确性和实用性,可作为铁路噪声管理部门制定噪声控制对策的参考依据。

In order to promote the application of noise mapping in high-speed railway noise management,the high-speed railway noise mapping technology which combined noise prediction model and geographic information system(GIS)was studied.Firstly,according to the characteristics of noise source distribution and line structure of high-speed railway,the prediction model of multi-equivalent noise source and the calculation method of noise barrier insertion loss for high-speed railway were optimized.Secondly,the 3 D geographic information model of a high-speed railway was built in GIS software,and the railway noise prediction technology was re-developed based on the model.Moreover,the noise of discrete nodes was calculated and a continuous noise distribution map was drawn through spatial interpolation.The results showed that the comparison error between the mapped noise of a high-speed railway in China drawn by the proposed technology and the measured noise was less than 1 dB(A),which verified the accuracy and practicability of the high-speed railway noise mapping technology,and could be used as a reference for railway noise management departments to formulate noise control countermeasures.