南水北调西线工程调水与用水的统一性思考

Thoughts on the Unity of Water Transfer and Water Use in the West Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project

南水北调西线工程的调水效益是通过用水效益呈现和表达的,为了协调好调用水关系、使用水效益最大化,基于南水北调西线工程最新研究论证成果推荐的一期工程年调水规模80亿m;和上下线组合调水方案,运用系统观念从流域视角观照受水区用水的有关问题并进行理性思考,提出了顺应流域自然禀赋特征、与调水上下线路有效衔接的"高水高用,洮水东用"用水方案,即:在上线调水进入贾曲进而流进龙羊峡水库后,经西宁、兰州新区、景泰向民勤、乌海等地引水,顺势"高水高用",以解决黄河西北侧缺水问题;在下线调水入洮河九甸峡水库后,就近与甘肃白龙江引水工程对接,向平凉、庆阳、延安及榆林供水,实现"洮水东用",以解决黄河东南侧缺水问题。"高水高用,洮水东用"用水方案,有利于推进兰州-西宁城市群建设发展和黄河"几"字弯都市圈协同发展、补齐"北方防沙带"生态缺口、优化黄河上游用水格局、推进甘肃省黄河流域生态保护、助力黄河上游及西北地区新能源建设,使黄河上中游地区在共同大保护和协同大发展中走上高质量发展之路。

The water transfer benefits of the West Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project are presented and expressed through water use benefits. In order to coordinate the water transfer relationship and maximize the water use benefit,based on the latest research and demonstration results of the water transfer scheme of the West Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project,the recommended 8 billion m3 annual water transfer scale of phase I project and the combined upstream and downstream water transfer scheme,this paper used the system concept to observe the relevant issues of water use in the water receiving area from the perspective of the river basin,made rational thinking and put forward the water use scheme of“upwards water used by upwards area and Taohe River water used by the area in the east”which conformed to the characteristics of the natural endowment of the river basin and effectively connected with the upper and lower water transfer routes,that is,after the upwards water transfer entering into Jiaqu and flowing into Longyangxia Reservoir,it diverted water to Minqin,Wuhai and other places through Xining,Lanzhou New Area and Jingtai,and took the advantage of the trend“upwards water used by upwards area”to solve the problem of water shortage in the northwest of the Yellow River. After the downwards water transferring into Jiudianxia Reservoir of Taohe River,it would be connected with Bailong River Diversion Project in Gansu Province to supply water to Pingliang,Qingyang,Yan’an and Yulin,so as to achieve the“Taohe River water used by the area in the east”and solve the issue of water shortage in the southeast of the Yellow River. The water use plan of“upwards water used by upwards area and Taohe River water used by the area in the east”is conducive to promoting the construction and development of Lanzhou-Xining urban agglomeration and the coordinating development of the Ω-shaped bend metropolitan area of the Yellow River,making up the ecological gap of“northern sand-control belt”,optimizing the water use pattern in the upper reaches of the Yellow River,promoting the ecological protection of the Yellow River basin in Gansu Province,assisting the construction of new energy in the upper reaches of the Yellow River and northwest China,and making the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River embark on the road of high-quality development in common protection and coordinated development.