小浪底水库水沙调控对淤积形态影响的数值模拟

Numerical Study on Responses of Sedimentation Patterns of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir to Water and Sediment Regulation

水库淤积形态是影响水沙调节效率的一项关键因素。为优化水库调度方式,采用考虑细颗粒淤积物流动特性的水库淤积形态数值模型,开展了小浪底水库淤积形态对水沙调控响应的模拟分析工作。研究结果表明:三角洲形态及顶点位置随着水库的运行调控而发生变化,三角洲顶点附近顶坡段的冲淤调整和水库运行低水位与三角洲顶点高程之间存在较明显的关联性,当水库低水位低于三角洲顶点高程时三角洲顶坡段出现冲刷,当水库低水位高于三角洲顶点高程时三角洲顶坡段出现淤积;淤积形态为同等淤积量的锥体时,库区上段受河道边界影响有冲有淤,中下段库区淤积明显,且淤积量较三角洲淤积形态的大;考虑人工清淤措施时,清淤量与水库淤积总量相比占比非常小,因此淤积形态总体变化与不考虑人工清淤时基本类似,仅在清淤疏浚部位及附近局部河段有一定变化。

Sedimentation pattern is one of the critical factors,which has great impact on the efficiency of water and sediment regulation in reservoirs. In order to improve the reservoir operation,the responses of sedimentation patterns of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir to water and sediment regulation were simulated by a mathematical model considering the effect of fine-grained sediment deposits movement. The simulation results indicate that the delta sedimentation pattern is adjusted during the process of reservoir operation. The variation pattern of the top of the delta depends on the relationship between the lowest water level of reservoir operation and the top elevation of the delta. Erosion occurs when the lowest water level is lower than the elevation of delta top,otherwise deposition will be occurred. Compared with the delta deposition morphology,the sedimentation volume of cone deposition morphology is larger with the same method of water and sediment regulation. The variation of sedimentation pattern considering dredging in the vicinity of the top of the delta is very small,except for the location of dredging.