不同人类干扰背景下横断山南段保护优先区规划研究

Research on the planning of priority protected areas in the southern section of Hengduan Mountain under the background of different human disturbance

建立自然保护区是保护和维持生物多样性最有效、最基本的措施。在有限的资金和人力条件下,如何参考不同人类干扰在保护优先区建设中的影响并选择合适的保护规划方案,在更大程度上的保护本区域的生物多样性,一直以来都是保护生物学家争论的焦点。以横断山南段区为例,重点关注保护区建设过程中不同的人类干扰程度,以人类干扰的高低为切入点,基于多准则决策分析的原理和方法,以横断山南植被生态系统和人类干扰强度因子为基础,对比分析横断山南的生态系统保护价值分布、人类干扰格局和保护成效,结果显示:一是区域内森林生态系统(针阔混交林、常绿阔叶林、落叶阔叶林、落叶混交林、常绿针叶林)、湿地生态系统(湖泊、河流、草本湿地)、高山生态系统(冰川和永久积雪、高寒草甸、高寒草原)价值高且分值在21分以上;二是从人类干扰高低分析入手,基于维持和提升区域生物多样性的角度出发,提出了不同的保护优先区域和保护策略。三是识别出横断山南段区的保护优先区主要包括峨边县、马边县、石棉县、越西县、保山市、腾冲市、维西县、德钦县、察隅县等区域。

The establishment of nature reserves is the most effective and basic measure to protect and maintain biodiversity.Under limited capital and manpower conditions,how to refer the different human interference protect priority construction area and select the appropriate protection plan has always been the focus of debate among conservation biologists.Taking the southern section of Hengduan Mountain as an example,this study focuses on the different levels of human disturbance during the construction of the protected area,take the high and low levels of human disturbance as the starting point,based on the principles and methods of Multi-criteria decision analysis,and based on the vegetation ecosystem and human disturbance intensity factors in the southern section of Hengduan Mountain,and comparative analysis of ecological system protection value distribution,human disturbance pattern and protection effectiveness in the southern section of Hengduan Mountain.The results showed that:First,the area of forest ecosystem(coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest,evergreen broad-leaved forest,deciduous broad-leaved forest,deciduous mixed forest,evergreen coniferous forest),wetland ecosystem(lakes,rivers,herbaceous wetlands),alpine ecosystems(glaciers and permanent snow,alpine meadows,alpine grasslands)are of high value and score higher than 21 points;Second,the analysis of the high and low levels of human interference,based on the perspective of maintaining and improving regional biodiversity,and put forward different protection priority areas and protection strategies.Third,the protection priority areas identified in the southern section of Hengduan Mountain mainly include Ebian County,Mabian County,Shimian County,Yuexi County,Baoshan City,Tengchong City,Weixi County,Deqin County,Chayu County and other areas.