农地确权对农户耕地质量保护投资的影响研究

Research on Influence of Farmland Entitlement on Farmland Quality Protection Investment

耕地质量保护是推进农业高质量发展的重要途径。基于农业农村部2016年农业产业政策第三方评估农户调查数据和耕地质量保护与提升政策研究农户调查数据,运用倾向得分匹配法实证检验农地确权对农户耕地质量保护投资的影响效应。结果表明,农地确权将土地剩余控制权赋予农户,显著降低农户耕地保护投资收益的外溢性,并提高农户耕地质量保护投资概率和投资量;土地调整在农地确权影响农户耕地质量保护投资的过程中表现出一定异质性,即确权对有农地调整经历的农户耕地质量保护投资概率和投资量影响更大;相较于未转入土地农户,转入户耕地质量投资水平更高;农户对转入地耕地质量保护投资低于自有地,剩余控制权的再配置提高农户对转入地的投资。政府应从制度层面加大农户土地剩余控制权保护力度以激励农户增加耕地质量保护投资,规范土地流转程序,保障转入户的耕地质量保护投资收益,耕地保护补贴适当向规模户倾斜。

Based on the third-party evaluation data of farmer survey on agricultural industry policy of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in 2016 and the farmer survey data of policy research on farmland quality protection and promotion,the influence of farmland entitlement on the investment of farmers in farmland quality protection was researched by using propensity score matching method.The results showed that:farmland entitlement ensured the residual control right of farmland investment by farmers,reduced the spillover of farmland protection investment income by farmers,and significantly improved the probability and amount of farmland quality protection investment by farmers;farmland adjustment showed some heterogeneities in the process that farmland entitlement affected farmers'investment in farmland quality protection,that was to say,farmland entitlement had a greater probability and amount of investment in farmland quality protection for farmers with farmland adjustment villages;compared with the farmers who had not transferred to the land,the investment level of farmland quality of the transferred farmers was higher,and the investment level of farmers in the quality protection of the transferred farmland was lower than that of their own land,and farmland entitlement made the investment level of farmers in the transferred farmland higher.The government should increase the protection of the residual control right of farmers from the system level,encourage farmers to increase the investment of cultivated land quality protection,standardize the procedures of land transfer,ensure the investment income of cultivated land quality protection transferred to farmers,and appropriately incline the subsidy of cultivated land protection to large-scale farmers.