现代化农区农业机械化发展水平演化研究

Study on Evolution of Agricultural Mechanization Development Level in Modern Agricultural Areas

农业机械化是促进传统农业向现代农业转型的主要动力,农业机械化发展水平是农业机械发展阶段的综合体现。本研究引入网络层次分析模型,从农业机械化装备水平、作业水平和综合效益三个方面选取10个核心指标构建农业机械化发展指数,对1992-2018年黑龙江农垦建三江管理局农业机械化发展水平量化分析。结果表明,1992-2018年,建三江垦区农业机械化发展指数经历了“下降—平稳增长—快速增长”过程;1992-2018年,建三江管理局农业机械化发展总体经历了“小型机械化”“大型机械化”“综合机械化”的阶段性发展过程;技术革新与生产资料价值演变、生产要素内部调节、耕地利用变化及政策支持等是建三江管理局20世纪90年代到21世纪初农业机械化水平演化的主要驱动力。

Agricultural mechanization is the main driving force to accelerate the transformation of agricultural production from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. The development level of agricultural mechanization is a comprehensive reflection of the development stage of agricultural machinery. In this study,the projection pursuit dynamic clustering model was introduced, and 10 core indicators were selected to construct the agricultural mechanization development indexes from the three aspects of agricultural mechanization equipment level, operation level and comprehensive benefit. A quantitative analysis was made on the Mechanised Agriculture Development Level of Sanjiang Administration Bureau of Land Reclamation in Heilongjiang from 1992 to 2018. The main conclusions were as the followings: from 1992 to 2018, the development index of Agricultural Mechanization in Jiansanjiang Reclamation area experienced the process of "decline-steady growth-rapid growth";from 1992 to 2018, the development of Agricultural Mechanization in Jiansanjiang Administration Bureau experienced the stages of "small mechanization", "large mechanization" and "comprehensive mechanization";the main driving forces of the evolution of each farm from the 1990 s to the early 21 st century were technological innovation and the evolution of means of production value, the internal adjustment of production factors, the change of cultivated land use and the policy supports.