农户借贷有利于家庭增收吗--来自中国农村家庭的微观证据

Is Farmer's Loan Beneficial to Increase Household Income?--Evidence from Rural Families Household Survey in China

农户借贷对于助贫脱贫,促进家庭增收具有重要意义。利用2014、2016、2018年CFPS中有关农户的调查数据,探究农户借贷对家庭增收的异质性影响。研究表明,总体上农户借贷对家庭收入的促进效应较为显著,但对不同微观特征的农户存在明显异质性影响。具体而言,农户借贷的增收作用在中低资产价值、低支出水平、较低文化水平及中西部偏远地区的农户家庭中更为显著,即借贷资金对于农村弱势群体的增收影响更大,此结论说明普惠金融的持续发展对于农户增收具有重要意义。因此,应持续加大普惠金融在农村的实施力度与覆盖广度;同时关注个性化的金融支农服务,注意补贴性质的信贷与正常信贷发放相结合,采取差别化的信贷获取门槛;在空间非均衡状态下将借贷资金向增收作用更加明显的地区倾斜,对沿海地区注重产业信贷支持,对中西部地区则以扶贫类信贷资金为主。

Farmers’ loan is significant to help poor farmers get rid of poverty and increase their incomes.Based on the survey data of farmers in CFPS(China Family Panel Studies) in 2014, 2016 and 2018, the heterogeneous impact of household borrowing on household income increase was explored. The results showed that, on the whole, the promotion effect of farmers’ borrowing on family income was more significant, but the alienation characteristics were prominent. The increasing effect of farmers’ borrowing was significant in household with low asset value, low expenditure level, low education level and remote provinces in central and western areas in China, which meant the loan funds had a greater impact on the income of vulnerable rural groups. The result also verified the significance of the development of inclusive finance for rural poverty reduction. Consequently, relevant suggestions were put forward that the government should continue to increase the implementation and coverage of inclusive finance in rural areas. The government departments should pay attention to personalized agricultural services, focus on the combination of subsidized credit and regular credit issuance, and adopt differentiated credit acquisition thresholds;in a state of spatial disequilibrium, lending funds would be tilted to regions, the government should provide industrial credit supports to coastal areas, and poverty alleviation credit funds should be used mainly for the central and western areas in China.