“先入定关中者王之”立约再考证

On the Authenticity of Who Made the Agreement"Anyone Who Firstly Marches Into Guanzhong is King"

史料中有关“先入定关中者王之”约定的记述,前后多有出入。一说是楚怀王与诸将之约,另一说是诸侯之约。通过考证项梁战死后,楚国军队的两次权力调整,以及救赵诸侯军的指挥权调整,可以推断:入关为王的立约者,实为项羽而非楚怀王。后世之所以将立约者移植到楚怀王名下,应是汉建立后,统治者出于贬项扬刘的时代需要,而对史料加以异化的结果。

In historical materials,there are many inconsistencies in the records of"Whoever enters Hangu pass first will be king".One of the records was that it was an agreement between the king of Chu and the generals while the other was that it was an agreement between warring states.Through textual research,the troops of Chu were reorganized twice and the commanding of the troops to rescue Zhao was also adjusted after XIANG Liang died in the battle against the Qin army in Dingtao.Based on these,we can basically assume that it was not King Huai of Chu,but XIANG Yu who made the agreement"whoever enters Hangu pass first will be king".After the establishment of the Han Dynasty,the later rulers,intending to belittle XIANG Yu and praise LIU Bang,altered the historical materials by saying that it was King Huai of Chu who made this agreement.