杭州市在校大学生自评脱发状况及影响因素分析

Self-reported hair loss and its influencing factors among university students in Hangzhou City

目的了解杭州市在校大学生脱发情况,并分析其影响因素,为学生脱发防治提供依据。方法于2021年6月,采用便利抽样法抽取杭州市4所高校在校大学生,通过网络问卷调查收集基本信息和行为生活方式等资料;按照脱发分级图自我评价脱发情况(男生采用Hamilton-Norwood分级法,女生采用Ludwig改良分级法);采用多因素logistic回归模型分析大学生自评脱发的影响因素。结果共发放问卷1060份,回收有效问卷1038份,回收有效率为97.92%。调查男生391人,占37.67%;女生647人,占62.33%。自评脱发463人,占44.61%;其中轻度脱发431人,占93.09%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,大四/大五年级(OR=1.721,95%CI:1.126~2.630),艺术类专业(OR=0.411,95%CI:0.207~0.816),超重肥胖(OR=1.685,95%CI:1.050~2.704),饮食口味偏甜、辣或油腻(OR=2.131、1.510、3.023,95%CI:1.370~3.316、1.028~2.218、2.015~4.537),偶尔或经常感到精神紧张/烦躁(OR=1.891、2.487,95%CI:1.087~3.289、1.337~4.626),偶尔或经常吸烟(OR=1.906、1.983,95%CI:1.067~3.405、1.050~3.746),有脱发家族史(OR=1.506,95%CI:1.075~2.110),偶尔或经常烫/染发(OR=1.795、3.282,95%CI:1.280~2.517、1.736~6.204)、近3个月头发/头皮出油情况略微或明显增多(OR=1.980、5.347,95%CI:1.477~2.653、2.956~9.670)是大学生自评脱发的影响因素。结论杭州市在校大学生自评脱发率为44.61%,多为轻度。脱发家族史,精神心理因素,饮食、吸烟和烫染发频率等行为方式均可能影响大学生脱发。

Objective To investigate the status of hair loss and analyze the influencing factors among university students in Hangzhou City,so as to provide insights into the management of hair loss among university students.Methods Uni⁃versity students were recruited using a convenient sampling method from 4 universities in Hangzhou City in June 2021.The basic characteristics and life styles were collected using online questionnaire surveys.Self-reported hair loss was evaluated using the grading scales for loss of hair(Hamilton-Norwood scale for males and modified Ludwig scale for females),and factors affecting self-reported hair loss were identified among university students using the multivariable logistic regression model.Results A total of 1060 questionnaires were allocated,and 1038 valid questionnaires were recovered,with an effective recovery rate of 97.92%.The respondents included 391 males(37.67%)and 647 females(62.33%),and 463 respondents(44.61%)reported hair loss,including 431 students with mild hair loss(93.09%).Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that university students in their fourth or fifth years(OR=1.721,95%CI:1.126-2.630),art specialty(OR=0.411,95%CI:0.207-0.816),overweight or obesity(OR=1.685,95%CI:1.050-2.704),diet taste(sweet:OR=2.131,95%CI:1.370-3.316;spicy:OR=1.510,95%CI:1.028-2.218;greasy:OR=3.023,95%CI:2.015-4.537),feeling nervous/anxious(occasionally:OR=1.891,95%CI:1.087-3.289;frequently:OR=2.487,95%CI:1.337-4.626),smoking(occasionally:OR=1.906,95%CI:1.067-3.405;frequently:OR=1.983,95%CI:1.050-3.746),family history of hair loss(OR=1.506,95%CI:1.075-2.110),perming/dyeing hair(occasionally:OR=1.795,95%CI:1.280-2.517;frequently:OR=3.282,95%CI:1.736-6.204),self-perceived oily hair/scalp in the past three months(slightly increased:OR=1.980,95%CI:1.477-2.653;significantly increased:OR=5.347,95%CI:2.956-9.670)were factors affecting self-reported hair loss among university students.Conclusion The proportion of self-reported hair loss was 44.61%among university students in Hangzhou City,and hair loss was predominantly mild.A family history of hair loss,nervousness/anxiety,diet habits,smoking and frequency of perm/dyeing hair may affect hair loss among uni⁃versity students.