乡饮酒礼的调整再造与地方社会整合——以佛山乡饮酒礼变迁为中心的考察

Adjustment and reconstruction of community drinking ritual and local social integration——An investigation centered on the change of community drinking ritual in Foshan

佛山乡饮酒礼始于清康熙四十一年(1702),乾隆年间两度遭禁,嘉庆四年(1799)恢复。不足百年间的变动反映了佛山土著和侨籍集团关于地方控制权的争夺,也反映了两个群体冲突、协调和融合的过程。其间,乡饮酒礼既是社会结构调整的产物,又起到了整合社会秩序的功能。民国以后,由于时局变化等原因,乡饮酒礼随之罢举。进入21世纪以来,在“传承传统文化”等新语境的呼唤下,佛山乡饮酒礼得以恢复和重构,尽管其社会秩序整合功能被削弱,但它也成了调节生活秩序的另外一种力量。

The community drinking ritual in Foshan began in the 1702(41st year of the Kangxi Emperor).It was banned twice during the reign of Chien-lung Emperor and resumed in the 1799(4th year of Jiaqing Emperor).The change in less than 100 years reflects the struggle for local control between Foshan natives and immigrant elite groups,as well as the process of conflict,coordination and integration between the two groups.Here,the community drinking ritual is not only the product of social structure adjustment,but also plays the function of integrating social order.After the Republic of China,due to changing situation,the community drinking ritual stopped accordingly.Since the 21st century,under the call of“inheriting traditional culture”and other new contexts,drinking ritual in Foshan has been restored and reconstructed.Although its social order integration has been weakened,it has also become another force to regulate the order of life.