21种杀菌剂对6种蔬菜病原菌的离体抑制效果

Inhibitory effects of 21 fungicides on 6 vegetable pathogens in vitro

为减少农药使用量,选用高效且广谱的杀菌剂,采用菌丝生长速率法和最低抑制浓度法测定21种杀菌剂对6种蔬菜病原菌的抑制效果。结果表明,当质量浓度为10μg·mL^(-1)时,苯醚甲环唑·吡唑醚菌酯和申嗪霉素对立枯丝核菌、尖孢镰刀菌苦瓜专化型和瓜果腐霉的抑制率超过50%;吡唑萘菌胺和乙蒜素·代森锰锌对立枯丝核菌的抑制率大于95%。申嗪霉素和乙蒜素·代森锰锌对茄科雷尔氏菌、野油菜黄单胞菌野油菜致病变种和胡萝卜软腐果胶杆菌胡萝卜亚种均有一定抑制效果。其中,申嗪霉素的抑菌作用更强,最低抑制质量浓度可达10μg·mL^(-1)以下,乙蒜素·代森锰锌的最低抑制质量浓度不超过100μg·mL^(-1),苯醚甲环唑·吡唑醚菌酯和吡唑萘菌胺对3种细菌无离体抑制作用。申嗪霉素和乙蒜素·代森锰锌可作为田间防治多种病害的候选药剂。

The dosage of fungicides can be reduced by using high efficiency and broad spectrum kinds.The inhibitory effects of 21 fungicides on 6 vegetable pathogens were determined by measuring mycelial growth rate and minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC).The results showed that difenoconazole·pyraclostrobin and shenqinmycin(at concentration of 10μg·mL^(-1))significantly inhibited the growth of Rhizoctonia solani,Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.momordicae and Pythium aphanidermatum,with the inhibitory rate more than 50%.The inhibitory rates of isopyrazam and ethylicin·mancozeb against R.solani were more than 95%.Shenqinmycin and ethylicin·mancozeb exhibited certain bacteriostatic activity against Ralstonia solanacearum,Xanthomonas campestris pv.campestris and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp.carotovorum,Shenzinomycin had stronger effect,with the MIC value below 10μg·mL^(-1),while the MIC value of ethylicin·mancozeb was not more than 100μg·mL^(-1).Difenoconazole·pyraclostrobin and isopyrazam had no inhibitory effects on three pathogenic bacteria.Shenqinmycin and ethylicin·mancozeb can be used as candidate fungicides to control many diseases in the field.