某块状硫化物型铜铅锌多金属矿选别工艺优化研究

Study on Optimization of Beneficiation Process for a Massive Sulfide Type Cu-Pb-Zn Polymetallic Ore

新疆某复杂难处理铜铅锌多金属矿矿物组成复杂,由于次生铜离子的活化和弥散分布的金银矿物对黄铁矿和闪锌矿的活化作用,造成黄铁矿和闪锌矿具有良好的可浮性,而铅矿物嵌布粒度细,浮游性较差,采用石灰抑制黄铁矿和采用亚硫酸钠抑制闪锌矿时都对铅矿物造成较明显的抑制作用。生产中采用“铜铅混合浮选-铜铅分离-锌浮选”的工艺流程,存在有价元素回收率低,精矿互含严重等问题。针对以上问题,开展了详细的药剂条件试验,针对性地开发出了“铅铜等可浮-铜强化浮选-锌浮选”的工艺流程,获得了良好的选矿指标。在铅铜等可浮作业中,应用BK612和Na_(2)S组合抑制剂实现了对闪锌矿和黄铁矿的同步抑制,采用高选择性铅捕收剂BK906浮选铅矿物,部分铜矿物因具有较好的可浮性在该作业同步回收,精选后进行铜铅分离;铜铅等可浮尾矿采用BK537+石灰强化抑制黄铁矿,采用Z-200浮选铜矿物,可以获得高品位的铜精矿;铜浮选尾矿采用黄药和硫酸铜回收闪锌矿。采用该工艺,铜、铅、金和银的回收率分别由70%、37%、25%和23%提高到87%、88%、51%和54%。

A complex refractory Cu-Pb-Zn polymetallic ore in Xinjiang has complex mineral composition,pyrite and sphalerite have good floatability due to the activation of secondary copper ions and the activation of dispersed gold and silver minerals on pyrite and sphalerite,while lead minerals have fine dissemination particle size and poor floatability.The lead minerals are obviously depressed when pyrite is depressed by lime and sphalerite is depressed by sodium sulfite.The flowsheet of Cu-Pb bulk flotation-CuPb.separation-Zn flotation is adopted in the production,which has the problems of low recovery of valuable elements and serious mutual inclusion of concentrates.In view of the above problems,detailed reagent condition tests were carried out,and a process flow of Pb-Cu co-flotation-Cu intensified flotation-Zn flotation was developed,and good mineral processing indexes were obtained.Sy nchronous depression of sphalerite and pyrite was realized by using the combined depressant of BK612 and Na_(2)S in the Pb-Cu co-flotation circuit.High selective lead collector BK906 was used to float lead minerals.Part of copper minerals are recovered synchronously in this operation because of their good floatability.High grade copper concentrate can be obtained by using BK537+lime to depress pyrite and Z-200 to float copper minerals.Xanthate and copper sulfate were used to recover sphalerite from copper flotation tailings.Using the proposed flowsheet,the recoveries of Cu,Pb,Au and Ag increased from 70%,37%,25%and 23%to87%,88%,51%and 54%respectively.