《谏逐客书》文本解读与教学内容研究

The Text Interpretation and Teaching Content Research of“Advising Against Driving Away Foreign Talents”

《谏逐客书》堪称我国古代公文的典范之作,其之所以能让秦王收回逐客的政令,原因有三:避重就轻,切入点巧妙,缓和对立矛盾;从历史、现实、未来三个角度论证“逐客之非”与“纳客之是”;抓住秦王的心理特征,顺其逆鳞。文中精巧的构思、多变的论证方法、考究的用词特点、汪洋恣肆的语言、“书”的文体知识以及李斯对人才观的理解,都是语文课堂中值得探讨的重要内容。

“Advising Against Driving Away Foreign Talents”can be regarded as a model of ancient official documents in our country.The reason why it can make the King of Qin withdraw the decree of driving away foreign talents lies in three aspects:evading the crucial point,ingeniously coming to the point,and easing the contradiction between the King of Qin;demonstrating the“cons of driving away foreign talents”and the“pros of accepting foreign talents”from the perspectives of history,reality,and the future;grasping the psychological characteristics of the King of Qin,and obeying him.The ingenious conception,the changeable method of argumentation,the exquisite wording,the magnificent language,the stylistic knowledge of“advising”,and Li Si’s understanding of talents are all important contents worthy of discussion in the Chinese class.