基于生态系统的适应与减灾理论在国外城市气候规划中的实践研究

The Application of Ecosystem-Based Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction in Foreign Urban Climate Planning

随着气候变化问题日益凸显,应对气候变化已成为城市可持续发展的关键。在此背景下,基于生态系统的适应(EbA)与基于生态系统的减灾(Eco-DRR)理论逐渐产生并受到关注。当前EbA与Eco-DRR作为新兴概念,在国外的生态、气候变化、城市设计等领域的研究方兴未艾,其概念、内涵等理论内容已逐步成形并走向实践研究;而国内对EbA与Eco-DRR理论的相关研究基本处于起步阶段,对于二者在城市层面的规划实践研究尤为缺乏。立足于城市与规划实践2个主要视角,首先基于城市维度对EbA与Eco-DRR的形成、内涵与协同等进行梳理,随后统计国外22个主要城市的气候适应规划文件,梳理气候相关规划的重点内容与措施方法,探讨城市应对气候变化问题时EbA与Eco-DRR理论的运用情况。这有助于将国内的理论与实践研究与国外相关研究成果进行对接,为将来中国城市应对气候问题、建设美丽中国提供经验与借鉴。

As the problem of climate change becomes increasingly serious, coping with climate change has become the key to sustainable urban development. In this context, ecosystem-based adaptation(EbA) and ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction(Eco-DRR) theories have gradually emerged and received attention. The research on EbA and Eco-DRR, as emerging concepts, is carried out vigorously in the fields of ecology, climate change and urban design in foreign countries. Their concepts, connotations and other theoretical contents have gradually formed and turned to practical research. Meanwhile, the domestic research on EbA and Eco-DRR is just beginning, and the research on the application of EbA and Eco-DRR in cities is relatively lacking. Based on the urban planning and practice perspectives, this research first interprets and discriminates the backgrounds,connotations and synergy of EbA and Eco-DRR. Then it sorts out 22 foreign cities’ climate adaptation planning documents, analyzes their focus contents and measures, and explores the application of ecological methods in climate change. It can synchronize research progress at home and abroad, provide experience and reference for Chinese cities to adapt to climate change and build a beautiful China in the future.