明清泰山地区营建与治理考析

Planning and Governance of Mount Tai Region in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

研究古代山岳风景营建治理过程中的影响因素和相互关系,可明确中国典型区域风景的内在特征。以明清泰山地区为研究案例,采用田野调查和历史文献细读方法,解析其山城空间格局和与之配套的内部治理机制。研究认为:明清泰山地区通过核心点统领、重要节点控制、线性种植串联以及意境营造等手法,构建了"山城一体"的空间格局;通过国家地方结合管理、多方参与共治、香税反哺等策略,形成了"山城互促"的治理机制。最后在国土空间视角下,从营建目标、治理理念、人与自然相互作用关系、多方参与等方面探讨传统与现代区域风景营建的演变特点,并从区域风景识别与范围界定、多解预景规划、共治模式和适应性管理3方面提出规划管理建议,以期为半自然区域的风景营建提供参考。

Studying the influence factors and mutual relations in the construction and management process of ancient mountain landscapes can clarify the inherent characteristics of typical regional landscapes in China. Taking the Mount Tai region in the Ming and Qing dynasties as an example, this research analyzes the spatial pattern and governance mechanism of the mountain city with fieldwork and historical literature analysis. It concludes that firstly, the Mount Tai region presents an obvious “mountain-city integration” spatial pattern, which is revealed as the core point command, key node control, linear planting and artistic conception creation. Secondly, the Mount Tai region forms a “mountain-city mutual promotion” governance mode, through the strategies of national and local coordinated management, multi-party participation in co-governance and tax-feedback. From the perspective of the national territorial spatial planning, it summarizes that the changes between traditional and modern regional landscape construction are the construction objectives, governance concepts, the interactions between human and nature and the multi-party participation. The research puts forward three suggestions to provide references for semi-natural area construction, which are to identify regional landscape and its boundaries, develop alternative futures planning, and adopt the co-governance model and adaptive management.