从学历社会到技能社会:历史必然与推进策略

Transformation from Academic Society to Skill Society:Historical Inevitability and Promoting Strategies

学历社会将学历作为选拔、使用和评估人才的社会普遍评价标准,其形成与现代生产、科技的发展息息相关。学历社会在社会历史发展进程中扮演过“正面角色”,在一定程度上促进了社会公平,助推了社会人才选拔标准的制定,推动了高等教育事业的发展。但学历社会并非尽善尽美,过分尊尚学历会导致“异化”现象的出现,经济社会发展、产业转型升级呼唤技能社会的到来。在技能社会建设中,国家重视通过建立相应机制和手段来促进和保障全民习得技能,其构建需要政府、教育机构、社会(企业)和公民个人共同发力。政府是技能社会建设的主导者、教育机构是技能习得服务的提供者,企业是技能培养的重要基地,公民个人是技能社会的建设者和受益者。

Academic society takes educational background as the social universal evaluation standard for selecting,using and evaluating talents.Its formation is closely related to the development of modern production and science and technology.Academic society has played a"positive role"in the process of social and historical development,which has promoted social equity to a certain extent,promoted the formulation of social talent selection standards,and promoted the development of higher education.However,the academic society is not perfect.Excessive respect for education will lead to"alienation".Economic and social development and industrial transformation and upgrading call for the arrival of a skilled society.Skill society means that the state promotes and ensures the acquisition of skills by the whole people by establishing corresponding mechanisms and means.Its construction needs the joint efforts of the government,educational institutions,society(enterprises)and individual citizens.The government is the leader in the construction of skill society,educational institutions are the providers of skill acquisition services,enterprises are an important base for skill training,and individual citizens are the builders and beneficiaries of skill society.