社区老年人认知衰弱现状及其与休闲活动的相关性

Cognitive Frailty of the Elderly in the Community and Its Relationship with Leisure Activities

目的:了解社区老年人认知衰弱的现状,并探讨认知衰弱与休闲活动的关系。方法:采用分层抽样法选取2020年12月—2021年4月新疆石河子市5个社区老年人,应用一般资料调查表、休闲活动量表、Frail量表、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)及临床痴呆评定量表(CDR)对475名社区老年人进行调查。结果:475名社区老年人中,有45名老年人发生认知衰弱,认知衰弱患病率为9.47%;475名老年人休闲活动量表总分为(31.85±4.30)分,认知衰弱组老年人休闲活动得分[(25.98±3.74)分]低,Spearman相关分析显示,休闲活动与认知衰弱呈显著负相关(r=-0.386,P<0.001);Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、个人月收入、身体质量指数(BMI)、休闲活动是社区老年人认知衰弱的影响因素。结论:社区老年人认知衰弱患病率较高,休闲活动参与度较低,提示社区医务人员应重视认知衰弱的筛查和干预,并根据老年人的身体状况和兴趣积极开展各项娱乐活动,从而延缓或减少认知衰弱的发生。

Objective:To understand the status of cognitive frailty in the elderly in the community,and to explore the relationship between cognitive frailty and leisure activities.Methods:Using stratified sampling to select elderly people from 5 communities in Shihezi City,Xinjiang from December 2020 to April 2021,the general information questionnaire,leisure activities scale,Frail scale,Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale were used to survey 475 elderly in the community.Results:Among the 475 elderly in the community,45 of them developed cognitive frailty,and the prevalence of cognitive frailty was 9.47%;the total score of leisure activities scale of 475 elderly was 31.85±4.30,and the elderly in the cognitive frailty group had low leisure activities score(25.98±3.74).Spearman correlation analysis shows that leisure activities and cognitive frailty are significantly negatively correlated(r=-0.386,P<0.001);Logistic regression analysis results show that age,personal monthly income,body mass index(BMI),and leisure activities are the influencing factors of the cognitive frailty of the elderly in the community.Conclusion:The prevalence of cognitive frailty among the elderly in the community is relatively high,and their participation in leisure activities is low.This suggests that community medical staff should pay attention to the screening and intervention of cognitive frailty,and actively carry out various recreational activities according to the physical conditions and interests of the elderly,thereby delaying or reducing the occurrence of cognitive frailty.