基于DEA-Malmquist的贵州中药材种植业投入效率评价

Evaluation on Investment Efficiency of Planting Industry of Guizhou Chinese Herbal Medicines Based on DEA-Malmquist

【目的】探明贵州省中药材种植业的投入效率及农业技术水平,为相关部门产业政策的制定及生产应用提供参考。【方法】以贵州省2014-2018年统计的草本类中药材33种,共计165个数据样本为研究对象,以中药材种植业的总面积投入(输入)因素和产量产值2个产出(输出)因素为研究指标,进行DEA静态模型、Malmquist动态模型及全要素生产率分析,并对DEA-Malmquist指数的效率进行测算,分析评价贵州省道地中药材的整体运行效率及农业技术水平。【结果】DEA静态模型反映了中药材种植业的面积投入效率均未达到DEA有效,总体呈略增态势,但还处于较低水平;中药材面积投入效率的纯技术效率呈递减趋势,而规模效率呈增长趋势;Malmquist动态指数反映了2014-2018年全要素生产率总体呈上升态势,贵州省50%草本中药材投入效率有较大提升空间。【结论】不同种类中药材的面积投入效率存在一定差异,多数中药材的纯技术效率和规模效率均不同程度地存在提升空间;全要素生产率提高主要靠规模效率驱动,其次是技术进步,而技术效率和纯技术效率驱动作用不大。

【Objective】The input efficiency and agricultural technology level of Guizhou Chinese herbal medicines planting industry are explored,which provides reference for policy making of relative departments and production together with application of Guizhou Chinese herbal medicines.【Method】A total of 165 data samples from 33 Chinese herbal medicines in Guizhou Province stated from 2014 to 2018 are selected as the research objects.The total area investment(input)factors and two output factors of yield and output value of Chinese herbal medicinal planting industry are used as the research indicators.DEA static model,dynamic model of Malmquist index and total factor productivity are analyzed.And then the efficiency of DEA-Malmquist index are calculated to analyze and evaluate the whole operating efficiency and agricultural technology level of Guizhou authentic Chinese herbal medicines.【Result】DEA static model reflects that the investment efficiency of the area of Chinese herbal medicines planting industry is not as effective as DEA,showing a slight increase trend overall,but still in a low level.The pure technical efficiency of the area investment efficiency of Chinese herbal medicines shows a decreasing trend.The efficiency of Chinese herbal medicine cultivation scale shows an increasing trend.Malmquist dynamic index reflects that the total factor productivity increases from 2014 to 2018,and the investment efficiency of half of Chinese herbal medicine varieties in Guizhou Province has a large space for improvement.【Conclusion】There are some differences in the area investment efficiency among different varieties.There is space for improvement of pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency in most varieties.The improvement of total factor productivity is mainly driven by scale efficiency,followed by technological progress,and technical efficiency and pure technical efficiency have little driving effect.