电子商务平台经营者专利侵权合理注意义务的司法判定

Judicial judgment on the duty of reasonable care in patent infringement of operators in the e-commerce platform

是否履行注意义务是判断电子商务平台经营者在专利纠纷中是否构成帮助侵权的重要因素。《民法典》和《电子商务法》中均设定了“通知—删除—转通知—反通知—转反通知—恢复(终止)”规则,确立了电子商务平台经营者的事前预防义务和事后补救义务两大类注意义务。在典型案例中,法官判定电子商务平台经营者在专利侵权中是否履行注意义务存在分歧。司法实践中应当重新构建判定规则:首先,对照注意义务的法定类型确定电子商务平台经营者是否需要承担某种注意义务;其次,根据立法和司法解释的规定,结合专利权的特性,合理确定通知和反通知的效力,通过审查义务的履行和必要措施的采用来判定是否违反注意义务。

Whether an e-commerce platform operator performs the duty of care is an important factor in judging whether it infringes the patent.Both Civil Code and E-commerce Law have set the rule of“notice-takedown-notice forwarding-counter notification-counter notification forwarding-replacement”,which establishes two types of obligations for e-commerce platform operators,including the duty of prevention beforehand and the duty of remedy afterwards.In typical E-commerce patent infringement cases,there are differences between different judges to judge whether the e-commerce platform operators had performed their duty of care.The judgment rules in judicial practice should be restructured:firstly,comparing the legal type of duty of care to decide whether the e-commerce platform operator should undertake the duty of care;secondly,according to the provisions of the new laws and judicial interpretation as well as combining the characteristics of patent rights to judge whether some kind of the duty of care has been fulfilled,by reasonably determining the effectiveness of notices and counter-notifications,reviewing the performance of the obligation and the adoption of necessary measures to determine whether the duty of care is violated.