电弧熔丝增材制造316L的温度场仿真及对基体的影响

Temperature Field Simulation and the Effect on the Substrate During Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of 316L

电弧熔丝增材(WAAM)是一种利用电弧将焊丝熔积成型的新型制造方法,基本原理是“分层制造,逐层堆积”。在连续的热循环作用下,WAAM成型件内部易产生较大的残余应力和变形,影响零件的性能。为了研究电弧增材制造过程中温度演变规律及对基体的影响,基于有限元法,采用“生死单元”技术建立了三维瞬态仿真模型,进行了层间停留温度为400℃条件下306L不锈钢电弧增材制造过程温度场的模拟;采用热成像仪测量增材过程的温度,将模拟结果与实测结果进行对比研究。结果表明:模拟结果和测试结果有高度的一致性,验证了模型的准确性;在增材制造过程中,会发生热积累现象,高温区域增大;堆积过程中前四层会对基板产生较大的热影响;基体的热影响敏化区的深度大约为基板下6 mm。

In order to investigate the temperature evolution law and the influence on the substrate during the wire arc additive manufacturing process,this paper establishes a three-dimensional transient simulation model based on the finite element method and carries out the simulation of the temperature field in the wire arc additive manufacturing process;the temperature of the additive process is measured by the thermal imager,and the simulation results are compared with the actual measurement results.The results show that:the simulation results and test results match well and verify the accuracy of the model;during the wire arc additive manufacturing process,the heat accumulation phenomenon increases in the high temperature region;the first four layers in the stacking process have a large thermal impact on the substrate;the sensitized depth of the heat affected zone of the substrate is about 6 mm below the substrate.