论文学与政事的融合——以唐代词臣的敏赡素能为中心

A Study on the Integration of Literary Studies and Political Affairs:Focusing on the Astuteness and Capability of Imperial Scribes in the Tang Dynasty

以文求仕是唐代士人进入政坛的基本途径,而文学能否服务于政治,是素来存在争议的。这种争议未影响选官制度对文学的重视,说明了以文学从政的合理性。唐代政务运转以制诰为中心,如果聚焦于知制诰的词臣的高级才能"敏赡",或可切入分析文学如何达成与政事的融合。无论是日常履职还是应对紧急情况,要高效、妥善地处理政事,词臣敏速地起草制诰的能力都是非常重要的。"赡"包括富赡的学识、措辞、风格以及在此基础上形成的精密的表达,这对于制敕的生成与作用非常关键。词臣可能身兼政事参谋、顾问之职,参谋顾问与代言存在相辅相成的关系,两者都需要敏赡的素能。借由敏赡,文学与政事达成了融合。在朝廷其他部门与地方政务运转中,敏赡素能同样具有广阔的施展空间,因而成为选士的一个标准,以此为入仕的核心才能也成为社会共识。

In the Tang Dynasty,studying literature was the main path to become an official.However,it was always debatable whether literary studies would effectively serve the government and become integrated with the capability of running political affairs.Such debates nevertheless did not influence the emphasis on literary studies in the selection system of officials,showing that the integration of literary studies and political affairs was feasible.The Tang Dynasty’s government affairs operations were centered on edicts.A focused analysis on the high-talented“astuteness”of imperial scribes may reveal how literary studies could achieve integration with political affairs.In either emergent situations or daily duties,the imperial scribes’ability to draft edicts astutely was a significant capability for running political affairs efficiently and appropriately.“Capabilities”included rich knowledge,lexicons,content and style,as well as their accurate expression,which were fundamental for drafting edicts.Under certain conditions,the process of drafting edicts was one of running political affairs with literary practices,while those who could draft edicts simultaneously played the role of consultant to some degree,which necessitated the imperial scribes’capabilities.Due to the circumstantial sequence,consultancy aided agency.Both consultancy and agency required astuteness and capabilities,which functionally achieved the integration of literary studies and political affairs.In addition to the imperial scribes,the astuteness and capabilities of other civil officials could also be widely exerted,and thereby became criteria for their selection,resulting in a social consensus that astuteness and capabilities were essential for official roles.