坐姿残疾人冬季两项男子运动员8周亚高原训练机能状态指标变化特点研究

Study on the Changes Characteristics of Body Functional State Indexes of Seated Para Biathlon Athletes in the 8-week Sub-altitude Training

目的:探讨亚高原训练期间坐姿残疾人冬季两项男子运动员机能状态指标的变化特点。方法:以10名坐姿残疾人冬季两项男子运动员为研究对象,分别在亚高原训练期第1至4周的赛前训练阶段,第5至6周的赛中阶段和第7至8周的赛后调整阶段的每周休息日,使用美国Omega wave竞技状态综合诊断系统进行仰卧位状态身体机能测试,测试指标包括自主神经指标(Avag、Asym、TI、LF/HF)、心电变异及脑直流电位指标(ASI、ANSI、RP)和心脏系统状态指标(SI、FI、ARI)。结果:亚高原环境训练期间Avag出现一定程度的下降,Asym出现先下降后上升的趋势,赛中与赛前阶段相比Avag、Asym和TI分别下降0.03%、0.09%和0.23%,LF/HF升高0.53%;赛后调整阶段相较于赛中Avag明显下降0.34%(p<0.05),Asym、TI分别升高0.15%、0.03%;LF/HF升高1.07%,显著高于赛前训练阶段(p<0.05)。ASI出现下降趋势,ANSI、RP指标呈现上升趋势;与赛前训练阶段相比,赛中阶段ASI下降0.03%,ANSI、RP分别上升0.02%和2.10%(p<0.01);赛后调整阶段相较于赛前ASI下降0.05%(p<0.05),ANSI、RP分别上升0.02%、2.33%(p<0.01)。SI、FI均出现先升后降的趋势,ARI在赛后调整阶段有所下降;与赛前训练阶段相比,赛中阶段SI和FI分别上升0.02%和0.15%;赛后调整阶段SI、ARI分别降低0.20%、0.09%,FI指标与赛中阶段相比下降0.21%(p<0.05)。结论:1)8周亚高原训练坐姿残疾人冬季两项男子运动员自主神经变化特点主要受到低氧环境和训练负荷刺激,低氧环境刺激更倾向于影响初上亚高原时运动员身体机能状态,而中后期主要受训练比赛安排的影响;2)8周亚高原训练对坐姿残疾人冬季两项男子运动员中枢神经系统调节能力提升有促进作用,对增强运动员抗应激能力和适应能力有所帮助。3)8周亚高原训练结合高强度比赛造成运动员赛后调整阶段的迷走神经功能紊乱、有氧能力指数下降、疲劳恢复效率降低。应科学调整亚高原训练的时间和负荷强度,上高原前应强化坐姿残疾人冬季两项男子运动员的有氧代谢能力,注重监控心脏系统状态和保护残肢末端微循环,保证残疾人运动员身体机能状态的适应与疲劳恢复。

Objective:To explore the change characteristics of the functional status indexes of seated disabled biathlon male athletes during sub-altitude training.Method:10 male seated disabled biathlon male athletes were selected as the research objects,and the pre-match training phase from the first to the fourth week of the sub-altitude training period,the mid-race phase from the fifth to sixth week and the seventh to eighth week on the weekly rest days of the post-match adjustment phase,the U.S.-made Omega wave athlete real-time functional status comprehensive diagnosis system is used to perform physical function tests in the supine position.The test indicators include autonomic nerve indicators(Avag,Asym,TI,LF/HF),ECG variability and brain direct current potential indicators(ASI,ANSI,RP)and cardiac system indicators(SI,FI,ARI).Results:During the sub-altitude environment training,the Avag decreased to a certain extent,and the Asym showed a trend of first decline and then rise.Compared with the pre-competition stage,Avag,Asym and TI decreased by 0.03%,0.09%and 0.23%,respectively.LF/HF Increased by 0.53%;in the post-match adjustment phase,Avag significantly decreased by 0.34%(p<0.05),Asym and TI increased by 0.15%and 0.03%respectively;LF/HF increased by 1.07%,significantly higher than before the game Training stage(p<0.05).ASI showed a downward trend,and ANSI and RP indicators showed an upward trend;compared with the pre-match training phase,the mid-match ASI decreased by 0.03%,ANSI and RP increased by 0.02%and 2.10%respectively(p<0.01);post-match adjustment phase Compared with the pre-match ASI decreased by 0.05%(p<0.05),ANSI and RP increased by 0.02%and 2.33%respectively(p<0.01).SI and FI both rose first and then fell.ARI declined during the post-match adjustment phase.Compared with the pre-match training phase,SI and FI during the match phase increased by 0.02%and 0.15%respectively;in the post-match adjustment phase SI,FI increased by 0.02%and 0.15%.ARI decreased by 0.20%and 0.09%respectively.The FI index decreased by0.21%compared with the mid-game stage(p<0.05).Conclusion:1)The characteristics of the autonomic nerve changes of the 8-week sub-altitude training seated disabled biathlon male athletes are mainly affected by the hypoxic environment and the changes in training load.The hypoxic environment stimulation is more likely to affect the athletes’physical function when they first go to the sub-altitude status,and the middle and late stages are mainly affected by the arrangement of training games.2)The 8-week sub-altitude training promotes the improvement of the central nervous system adjustment ability of the seated disabled biathlon male athletes and helps to enhance the athletes’anti-stress ability and adaptability.3)The combination of 8-week sub-altitude training and high-intensity competition caused vagus nerve dysfunction,decreased aerobic capacity index,and decreased fatigue recovery efficiency during the post-match adjustment phase of athletes.The time and load intensity of sub-altitude training should be adjusted scientifically.Before going to the sub-plateau,the aerobic metabolic capacity of male biathlon athletes with disabilities should be strengthened,and attention should be paid to monitoring the state of the heart system and protecting the microcirculation of the residual limbs to ensure the adaptation of physical function and fatigue recovery of disabled athletes.