跨国公司“强制性”转让技术的动因、模式与效应--来自中美汽车合资合作企业的多案例研究

The motivation,modes and welfare effect of multinational corporations’technology transfer:A Comments on the assertions of the USTR about china-us trade relation

美国政府在2017年发布的《中国301调查报告》中,将我国汽车产业的合资企业界定为实施所谓“强制技术转让”的载体。本文从行业和企业层面的经验研究对这一论断进行了辨析,主要的结论是:跨国公司的技术转让是一种“自觉、自愿、合意、共赢”的公平交易行为,并在产业政策的激励和扶持下,主导着中国汽车产业的发展;中美汽车合资企业是通用、福特等美国公司全球价值链的重要一环,他们从合资经营中获得了丰厚的回报;人为割裂和限制汽车产业的国际分工协作关系,无助于改善美方的贸易条件和降低贸易赤字。

Technology transfer by multinational companies is an important issue in the Sino-US trade war.This is also the most critical area of the United States government on China.Take the china automobile industry as evidences,this study analyses and refutes the wrong judgment of USTR about the so-called forced technology transfer from U.S.companies to Chinese entities.We find that:(1)MNCs transfer their technology to joint venture are the fair trade which aimed to maximize revenues or profit in the long run;(2)supported by the china central and local government,MNCs also dominant the china automobile fields through strategically technology transfer and have obtained excess investment return for many years;(3)at present,the U.S.-China joint ventures have become an important link on the global value chains for the united states auto manufacturing corporation,thus the U.S.government chooses to limit the cross board trade,which could not reduce the trade deficit and will induce the U.S.car manufactures into another crisis like 2008-2009.While remaining calm in the face of U.S.challenges,Chinese government accelerates the process and intensity of reform and opening up on the auto industry in order to establish a new pattern of automobile industry where multinational companies and local enterprises can be"open,inclusive,balanced and symbiotic"with each other.