论北极西北航道航行自由与环境保护的平衡路径

On the Balance Path of Navigation Freedom and Environmental Protection in Northwest Route of the Arctic

近年来,随着发展"绿色航运经济"的话题热度不断升温,北极西北航道因其潜在的巨大通航价值成为各国诉争的焦点,与此同时,船舶通行所带来的对海洋生态的侵蚀破坏,例如燃油废料和塑料垃圾等,引发了国际法视域内的诸多争议。以加拿大为代表的西北航道沿岸国滥用国际海洋法框架下关于航行自由和环境保护的模糊地带,肆意扩张国内法的管制范围对他国的航行自由进行不合理限制的问题愈加凸显。为了国际航海秩序的和平稳定,实现北极航运的可持续发展,文章以北极西北航道沿岸国借助"环境保护"名义限制他国在西北航道航行自由权的法律援引模式为切入,对航行安全控制区制度和特别敏感海域制度的法律争议进行分析,综合体系解释的方法和国际法实践判例的指引,构建北极西北航道航行自由与环境保护的平衡路径。

In recent years,with the development of“green shipping economy”,the northwest Arctic waterway has become the focus of competition because of its potential huge navigation value.Plastic waste and other erosion of marine ecology has also caused many disputes within the scope of international law.The problem that the coastal States of the Northwest Passage,represented by Canada,abusing the vague areas of freedom of navigation and environmental protection under the framework of the international law of the sea,and arbitrarily expanding the scope of domestic law to impose unreasonable restrictions on the freedom of navigation of other countries is becoming more and more prominent.For the sake of peace and stability of international navigation order and realize the sustainable development of Arctic shipping,this paper analyzed the legal disputes between the navigation safety control area system and the particularly sensitive sea area system,and constructed a balanced path between the navigation freedom and environmental protection of the Arctic Northwest Navigation Channel under the name of“environmental protection”.