西藏12份野生豆科牧草种质资源综合性状评价

Comprehensive character evaluation of 12 wild legume forage germplasms in Tibet

为了缓解西藏高寒牧区冬春季节蛋白草料营养不足的问题,通过田间试验对12份野生豆科牧草种质资源生产性能及营养价值进行研究,并应用主成分分析法、隶属函数分析法、灰色关联分析法、相似优先比分析法4种评价模型对野生豆科牧草种质资源进行综合评价。结果表明:供试的12份西藏野生豆科牧草在林芝地区的适应性差异较大,其中山野豌豆(Vicia amoena)生育期最长(174 d),干草产量最大(4665.89 kg·hm^(−2));‘羌纳’西藏野豌豆(V.tibetica‘Qiangna’)的株高最高,为114.75 cm;‘当雄’窄叶野豌豆(V.sativa‘Dangxiong’)的日生长速率、鲜干比、粗纤维,粗灰分,钙含量最大,分别为1.60 cm·d^(−1)、6.89、20.81%、13.58%、1.35%;‘察隅’西藏野豌豆(V.tibetica‘Chayu’)的粗脂肪含量最高,为8.85%;‘白玛当’西藏野豌豆(V.tibetica‘Bamadang’)的粗纤维含量最低,为20.12%,无氮浸出物及干物质含量最高,分别为43.33%和97.78%;‘山南’小扁豆(Lablab purpureus‘Shannan’)的磷含量最高,为2.76%。相关分析表明,12份野生豆科牧草的干草产量与株高极显著正相关(P<0.01),与鲜干比显著正相关(P<0.05),株高与生长速率极显著正相关(P<0.01),鲜干比与粗灰分极显著正相关(P<0.01)。4种评价模型综合表明,‘当雄’窄叶野豌豆、山野豌豆、‘察隅’西藏野豌豆生产性能及营养价值最佳,适宜在西藏林芝地区高寒牧区推广应用。

To alleviate the problems of lack of high protein forage during the cold season in alpine grazing area of Nyingchi in Tibet,a comprehensive introduction evaluation of 12 legume forage germplasms was conducted.The grey relationship analysis,membership function analysis,similar priority ratio analysis,principal components analysis were used to evaluate the production performance and nutritional value of these using the weighted analysis method.Using the simple correlation analysis,we analysed 13 main traits:growth duration,plant height,growth rate,fresh dry weight ratio,dry weight ratio,crude protein,crude fat,crude fiber,crude ash,dry matter,nitrogen-free extract,calcium,phosphorus and fresh yield to explore the effects of main traits on fresh yield.The results showed that the different wild legume forages had different adapt ability to Nyingchi environment according to their agronomic characters.The phenological period of Vicia amoena was longest at 174 d,and the yield was highest at 4665.89 kg·ha^(−1).The plant height of V.tibetica‘Qiangna’was highest(114.75 cm).The average growth rate,fresh dry weight ratio,crude protein,crude ash,calcium of V.angustifolia‘Dangxiong’was the highest at 1.60 cm·d^(−1),6.89,20.81%,13.58%,1.35%,respectively.The crude fat of V.tibetica‘Chayu’was the highest at 8.85%.The nitrogen-free extract,dry matter of V.tibetica‘Bamadang’was the highest,being 43.33%,97.78%respectively,and the crude fibre was the lowest(20.12%).The phosphorus contents of Lablab purpureus‘Shannan’was the highest(2.76%).Plant height and growth rate;crude ash and fresh dry weight ratio were of 12 wild legume forages significantly positive correlation.The optimal wild legume forages suitable for utilization in Nyingchi were Vicia angustifolia‘Dangxiong’,Vicia amoena and Vicia tibetica‘Chayu’,based on comprehensive evaluation.The results of this research play an important role in solving the forage shortage and promoting the sustainable development of Nyingchi grassland animal husbandry.