基于理解和解释的“问道”历史教学

History Teaching of “Asking the Way”Based on the Understanding and Explanation

“问道”历史教学,是基于理解和解释的教学,具有“问为表征,道为内核”的特质。“问道”从教学的本质出发,是为了促进学生的发展;从历史科学的本质出发,是一切历史都是当代史、一切历史都是思想史的命题在教学中的统一。教学的“问”是认识活动的一半,是一种关于理解和解释的理念,是一个把学生对知识和意义的前理解发展到理解的过程。“道”是认识活动中“答”的一半,是关涉价值意义的问题,是让学生知道从哪里来,从而清楚地知道到哪里去的问题。真实、激趣、合距是“问道”历史教学问题提出的三原则,价值、研究、发展是“问道”历史教学的问题导向三原则。

The history teaching of “asking the way”is based on the understanding and explanation,which has the characteristics of “asking is the token,and the way is the core”.Starting from the essence of teaching,the purpose of “asking the way”is to promote the development of students;Starting from the essence of historical science,it is the unity of the proposition that all history is contemporary history and all history is ideological history in teaching.The“asking”of teaching is half of the cognitive activity,a concept of understanding and explanation,and a process of developing students'pre-understanding of knowledge and meaning into understanding.“Way” is the half of the“answers”in cognitive activities,it is a question related to the value and meaning,and it is also a question for students to know where they come from so as to clearly know where to go.Pursuing truth,stimulating interest and shortening distance are the three principles of problem posing in history teaching,while value,research and development are the three principles of problem orientation in history teaching.