大冷山药用苔藓植物资源调查研究

Investigation of Medicinal Bryophytes Resources in Dalengshan Mountain

对在大冷山自然保护区药用苔藓植物进行野外调查、样本采集,形态分类和鉴定,系统分析了其分布特征和药效功能。结果表明,该区域共有药用苔藓植物14科16属17种,其中包括3种苔类,14种藓类植物。17种药用苔藓植物中具有治疗烫伤或烧伤等功效的有4种,具有清热解毒治疗炎症作用的有7种,具有止血功效的有4种,对淋巴细胞白血病和神经胶质细胞瘤等癌症方面有一定抑制作用的有2种,养心宁神、缓解神经衰弱的有2种。通过8个生境的分布频度统计分析发现,湿润土生分布的药用苔藓植物种类最多(16种),木生生境分布的药用苔藓植物种类最少(5种)。按分布规律和形态特征进行聚类分析表明,17种药用苔藓植物分为4个类群,第一类群主要分布特征为山坡岩面或林下岩面生长,第二群苔藓主要分布于河边或溪边土生、路边土生和塔头沼泽生等生境中。第三、四类群苔藓分布集中在云杉林下土生、阴湿岩缝土。

Field investigation,sample collection,morphological classification and identification of medicinal bryophytes were carried out in Dalengshan Mountain Nature Reserve.The distribution characteristics and pharmaceutical function of medicinal bryophytes were systematically analyzed.The results showed that there were 17 species,16 genera and 14 families of medicinal bryophytes in the study area,among which 3 species of liverworts and 14 species of mosses.There were 4 species had the effect of curing scald or burn,7 species clearing heat and detoxification to treat inflammation,4 with hemostatic effect,2 species had some inhibitory effects on cancers such as lymphocyte leukemia and Neuroglia tumors,2 species nourish the heart and tranquilize the mind,reliev neurasthenia.According to the statistical analysis of the distribution frequency of 8 habitats,it was found that the most medicinal bryophyte species were in the humid soil habitat(16 species),while the least medicinal bryophyte species were in the woody habitat(5 species).The 17 species of medicinal bryophytes were divided into four groups by cluster analysis according to distribution and morphological characteristics.The first group was mainly distributed on the hillside or under the forest,and the second group was mainly distributed in the riverside,roadside and Tatou marsh habitats,the third and fourth groups of bryophytes are concentrated in the soil under the spruce forest.This study was of great significance to the development and utilization of medicinal bryophytes in Dalengshan Mountain and other areas.