狭义语言生态学的界定及国外研究述评

A Narrow Definition of Ecolinguistics and Review of Extant Literature Abroad

基于Citespace的文献可视化分析及研究热点知识图谱显示,当前的语言生态学研究存在研究边界模糊的问题。进一步的文献梳理与分析表明,尽管广义的语言生态学包括生态话语分析或生态语言研究(language of ecology),但狭义的语言生态学研究应当聚焦“语言的生态”(ecology of language)。以此为基础,文章针对语言演变、语言濒危现象及保护、主导语言、双语及多语现象等主要议题对国外狭义的语言生态学研究进行回顾,继而指出该领域在研究边界、研究思路、研究内容、研究方法等方面存在的局限,并基于所存在的问题展望未来研究方向。后续语言生态学研究应当充分借鉴生态学中成熟的概念、理论、模型及方法,充分关注语言与环境的双向互动关系,并不断拓展研究情景和研究思路。

Visualized Citespace analysis shows that extant ecolinguistics studies are with vague boundaries.Based on literature analysis,this paper points out that although ecolinguistics now broadly incorporates discourse analysis of ecology or language of ecology,a narrow definition of ecolinguistics pinpoints at ecology of language.Following the narrow definition,we further review extant studies abroad on the relationship between ecology of language and language evolution,language reservation,dominant language,bilingualism and multilingualism,and find that previous studies have obvious limitations in defining boundary,approach,content as well as methodology,which are expected to be improved in future work.This paper maintains that future studies of ecolinguistics may borrow mature concepts,models,theories and methods from the ecology discipline,pay more attention to the interaction between language and environment,and thus extend research contexts and approaches.