民法典中居住权规范的宪法意涵

The Constitutional Meanings of the Right of Habitation Norms in the Civil Code

《民法典》中的“居住权”规范蕴含着浓厚的宪法元素。宪法社会主义原则和基本权利条款是民法居住权保护的价值基础,也构成民法居住权解释的背景规范。遵循基本权利处分、基本权利限制、基本权利冲突等宪法原理,居住权的处分受到除当事人约定之外的一定限制和宪法“济弱性”的保护。法院在处理公民居住权与其他公民权利冲突的民事案件和国家基于公共利益对财产实行征收征用的行政案件中,应从宏观层面上培育宪法意识,并在微观层面上区分宪法在“裁判依据”和“裁判说理”中的不同效力定位,准确地以宪法基本权利原理解释和指导民法居住权规范的适用。

The right of habitation stipulated in the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China contains strong constitutional elements.The principle of socialism and the basic right clauses articulated in the Constitution are fundamental values for protections of the right of habitation in civil law and constitute the background norms of interpretation of the right of habitation in civil law.According to the principle of constitution,such as disposition of basic rights,restriction of basic rights and conflict of basic rights,the disposition of right of habitation is subject to certain restriction and the protection of constitution’s“weakness”nature.In dealing with civil cases in which citizens’right of habitation conflicts with other citizens’rights and administrative cases in which the state expropriates and requisitions property based on public interests,the court should cultivate the constitution consciousness at the macro level,and distinguish the different positions of constitutional validity in“judgment basis”and“judgment reason”at the micro level,so as to accurately explain and guide the application of the civil law residence right norms based on the principle of constitutional fundamental rights.