行业内国际化经验多样性、外来者劣势与企业国际化速度

Industry Experience Diversity,Liability of Foreignness and Enterprise Internationalization Speed

新兴市场企业在其国际化进程中呈现出了加速国际化和激进式扩张的典型特征。如何通过组织学习和国际经验的积累来消除跨国经营中的后发劣势加速其国际化进程,成为新兴市场企业进入国际市场所面临的重要问题。本文重点探讨行业内国际化经验多样性对企业国际化速度的影响机制。其结果显示,行业内国际化经验多样性可以帮助企业积累国际化知识经验,从而加快其国际化进程;但其企业国际化速度的正向效应会受到其制度的节制。薄弱的东道国制度环境会削弱企业的投资意愿并加大企业在海外获取合法性的难度,从而影响企业对所获取经验的有效利用,继而会抑制企业国际化速度;而国有身份会增加东道国对企业的歧视,这会增加企业对外投资的困难,并抑制企业的学习动力和效率,进而抑制企业国际化的发展速度。本文运用Cox比例风险模型,基于中国工业企业数据库的实证分析验证了相关理论的推断。

Enterprises in emerging markets have shown the typical characteristics of accelerating and radical internationalization during their internationalization process.Then,how to eliminate the curse to latecomer in transnational operations and effectively carry out rapid internationalization through organizational learning and accumulation of international experiences has become an important issue for enterprises in emerging markets to enter the international market.Different from previous researches,this paper focuses on the impact of international experiences of other enterprises in the industry on the speed of internationalization of enterprises,and combines the institutional factors at the national level with the Chinese background to study and analyze its mechanism.This paper concludes that,first of all,the international experiences of other enterprises in the industry can help some enterprise accumulate international knowledge and thus carrying on internationalization rapidly.Secondly,the positive effects of the internationalization experiences of other enterprises in the industry on the internationalization speed of enterprises are adjusted by the institutional obstacles.A weak institutional environment of host country will weaken the willingness of enterprises to invest and increase the difficulties of obtaining legality overseas,thus affect-ing the effective functions of accessing experiences,and then inhibiting the internationalization speed of enterprises,while state-owned identity will increase the discrimination of enterprises in the host country and increase the difficulty of foreign investment,and inhibit the motivation and efficiency of learning,thus inhibiting the internationalization speed of enterprises.Based on the data analysis of China Industrial Enterprise Database,This paper uses Cox proportional hazards model to finds that the diversity of industry internationalization experiences has a significant role in promoting the internationalization speed of enterprises,host countries with good corporate investment system environment can promote the positive impacts on the speed of internationalization experience diversity of the industry,while the state-owned identity of enterprises will weaken the promotion of internationalization experience of the industry on the speed of internationalization.