教育人力资本、外部性及时空异化效应--劳动力市场效率视角

Education Human Capital,Externality and Spatio-Temporal Alienation Effect:The Perspective of Labor Market Efficiency

本文从时间和空间二元视角,借助多层次空间计量模型,给出了城市教育人力资本及其外部性影响我国劳动力市场效率的微观经验证据。其结果显示:城市教育人力资本对本地区增收效应随时间推移逐渐增强,其产生的空间正外部性显著提升我国劳动力市场效率。模拟城市间市场壁垒逐渐减少过程,教育人力资本空间正外部性逐渐增强。从异质性看,城市教育人力资本提升能显著缩小性别、户籍以及区域工资差距。其政策启示是,在进行城市教育投资时,政策制定者不能低估其对劳动力市场效率的提升作用,要对教育投资所能产生的空间效应有科学的预判,并通过积极去除城市间“空间壁垒”来扩大教育投资对中国劳动力市场效率提升所带来的积极影响。

From the perspective of time and space,with the help of multi-level spatial econometric model,this paper presents the micro-empirical evidence of the impact of urban education human capital and its externalities on the efficiency of labor market in China.It is found that:the effect of urban education human capital on local income increases gradually with the passage of time,and the positive spatial externality improves the efficiency of labor market.We also find that if the market boundary between cities gradually expands,the spatial effect of education human capital will increase accordingly.From the perspective of heterogeneity,the improvement of urban education human capital can significantly re-duce discrimination on gender and household registration,and it narrows the wage gap between the East and Midwest.Therefore,the policy makers should not underestimate the positive effect of education investment on labor market.It is necessary to scientifically predict the spatial effect of education investment,and actively weaken the"spatial barrier"between cities to absorb and expand the efficiency of education investment on labor market.