科技助力结核病防控:现状、进展与对策

Science and Technology Facilitates Tuberculosis Prevention and Control:Current Situation,Progress and Countermeasures

结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)导致的结核病(Tuberculosis,TB)这一长期困扰人类的慢性传染病至今依然是全球面临的重大公共卫生问题之一,也是单一传染性病原体致死的主要原因。目前距世界卫生组织(WHO)和联合国(UN)提出的TB控制目标尚有很大差距,如不采取紧急行动并争取尽快实现防控科技上的突破(如获得新疫苗和新药)从而快速降低TB发病率,全球TB防治目标很可能无法实现。文章总结了全球及我国TB发展态势,并分析了科技在TB防治中的贡献。基于以上分析,针对TB科技防治对策进行了思考并提出了建议,包括加强TB的基础研究、研发新型TB疫苗和药物、发展新型TB诊断技术手段、健全体系支撑并加强保障措施等,以期推进我国科技防治TB的政策布局与实践创新,最终促进WHO提出的《终止结核病战略》目标的实现。

Tuberculosis(TB),a chronic communicable disease caused by the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis,has harassed the human being for long-term and remains to be one of the major public health problems facing the world as well as the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent.We are falling short of TB control targets set by the World Health Organization(WHO)and United Nations(UN).To achieve the ambitious targets of global TB prevention and control,there is an urgent need for immediate action as well as science and technology breakthroughs(e.g.,a new vaccine and drug)to rapidly reduce TB incidence worldwide.This study summarizes the current progress on global and China’s TB prevention and control,and analyzes the contribution of science and technology in TB prevention and control.Based on the above analysis,we propose the following thought and advice on strengthening TB prevention and control through science and technology:Strengthening the basic research of TB,developing new TB vaccines and drugs,developing new diagnostic techniques for TB,and perfecting the system to support and strengthen the safeguard measures.The purpose of this study is to promote the policy layout and practice innovation of scientific prevention and control of TB in China,thus speeding up the realization of goals set by the WHO End TB Strategy.