博物馆展览叙事语境的构建

The Context of Exhibition Narrative as Constructed in Museums

展览叙事语境是指展览的时间、空间、社会背景、文化背景等影响展览表达者与观众对话和交流的时空场域,是展览叙事得以达成其目标的前提条件。合适的叙事语境可以缩短观众与展览表达者之间的心理距离及知识差距,带给观众更好的展览体验,满足不同观众的参观需求。本文尝试利用叙事学、修辞学理论,从展览叙事语境的角度,通过分析展览叙事语境的结构及其组成要素,讨论如何营造合适的展览语境,如何让展览的表达者与这些生活经验、知识结构、认知水平、文化背景等各不相同的观众,能在共同的展览语境中默契交流从而帮助观众完成一次超预期的难忘的参观体验,并产生自己的感悟联想。

The context of exhibition narrative refers to temporal domains and spatial fields that affect dialogues and exchanges between the curator and the audience including:time,space,social background and cultural background.It is the prerequisite for narrative exhibitions to reach their goals.Since appropriate narrative contexts reduce the psychological distance and the knowledge gap between the audience and the museum,they not only provide better experience as a whole,but also satisfy different needs of the audience.In this paper,theories of narratology and rhetoric are adopted and the perspective of exhibition narrative is assumed to analyze constituents of which the context of exhibition narrative is composed,to discuss methods by which proper contexts of narrative exhibitions are created,and to demonstrate opportunities in which tacit exchanges are enabled in shared,proper contexts between the museum and the audience with different life experiences,knowledge structures,cognitive levels and cultural backgrounds,with the aim to helping the audience acquire unexpected and unforgettable experience from such a narrative exhibition so as to enforce associations of their self-awareness.