拜谒射鹊登云湄--宋山石祠中蕴含的升仙仪轨

Visiting,Shooting the Magpie and Flying into the Air:The Ritual of Immortality Contained in the Stone Shrine of Songshan

汉画像石既再现了汉代的社会生活,又描绘了汉代人的鬼神信仰和理想追求。画像石中的拜谒图和射鹊图多位于祠堂或墓室的中心,本文以宋山小石祠南壁、微山两城村永和六年石祠北壁和微山两城村永和二年石祠东壁的画像石为例,从祠堂的结构布局、汉代的丧葬习俗及社会礼仪等视角去讨论这一组图像说明的汉代人生命观及他们理解的升仙过程,梳理了从人逝后随阴官乘车马进入阴宅接受拜谒,然后随羽人、朱雀来到扶桑之下,最后驾乘天马飞上扶桑的升仙过程。

The pictorial cavings depict not only the social life of Han Dynasty,but also the belief of ghosts and gods and the pursuit of ideals of the people.The visiting and shooting designs are mostly located in the center of the shrines or tombs.This pictorial stone reliefs on the south walls of the small stone ancestral temple on Songshan,the north walls of the stone ancestral temple and the east walls of the stone ancestral temple in Liangcheng Village,Weishan County for example,aiming at the configuration of the shrine,funeral custom and social pleasantry of Han Dynasty to figure out the meaning of these collections of designs for the views of life and immortal process of the people in Han Dynasty,to analyze the immortal process of accessing the resting place with Death Officer by chariot after death,visiting the tomb owner then coming under the mulberry with feathery-winged deities and rosefinchs,finally flying into the air with horse.