数字平台收入的来源与获取机制——基于马克思主义流通理论的分析

Sources and Acquisition Mechanisms of Digital Platform Revenue——Analysis Based on Marxist Circulation Theory

数字时代的商品流通形式发生了巨大变革,数字平台通过收集、处理与分析用户数据,组织并协调了规模极大、范围极广、响应极快的供求匹配网络,促进了商品流通。各类数字平台尽管不直接参与商品价值的生产,但嵌入了各类劳动者所创造价值的实现过程,提高了产业部门的周转速度,从而获取了对产业资本利润的索取权力和巨额的利润让渡收入。上述利润索取权力的实现前提是"数字圈地"与"赢者通吃"两个关键机制,即在新的数字平台模式下,数字平台无偿占有用户数据,并在风投资本的推动下通过纵向一体化与横向加强策略扩张平台规模,凭借平台交易的网络效应与规模效应在流通领域中占据垄断地位,发挥巨大功能,获取巨额收入。

The form of commodity circulation in the digital age has undergone tremendous changes.Through the collection,processing and analysis of users’data,digital platforms have organized and coordinated a large-scale,wide-ranging,and extremely fast-response supply-demand matching network,which has promoted commodity circulation.Although various digital platforms do not directly participate in the production of commodity’s value,they embed the process of realizing the value created by various laborers,increase the turnover speed of the industrial sector,and thus obtain the right to claim the profits of industrial capital and huge profit transfer income.The premise for the realization of the above-mentioned profit claim power is the two key mechanisms of"digital enclosure"and"winner takes all",that is,under the new digital platform pattern,the digital platforms possess users’data for free,and adopt vertical integration and horizontal strengthening strategies to expand the firms’scale under venture capital’s driving power.Relying on the network effect and scale effect of platform transactions,digital platforms occupy the monopoly position in the circulation field,play a key role,and then obtain huge income.