从制造大国到制造强国:中国标准化战略的新使命与战略调整

From a Large Manufacturing Country to a World Manufacturing Power:New Mission and Strategic Adjustment of China’s Standardization Strategy

制造业作为强国之基,正经历从制造大国向制造强国的历史跨越,这既是中国制造业发展到一定历史阶段的必然,也是经济强国建设下的自主选择。数字经济时代为中国制造强国建设带来了新的机遇与挑战,标准作为制造业转型升级、参与国际市场竞争和提升全球治理话语权的重要工具,面临巨大挑战。中国标准化战略如何根据国内国际经济新形势进行校正,防止制造业转型升级的碎片化和"先乱后治"是数字经济下制造强国建设第一要务。中国应对标准化战略进行调整,从以服务国内市场为主到兼顾国内市场和国际竞争与全球治理,从政府主导到政府与市场并重,从"后补式"标准到战略新兴产业"引领式"标准和数字标准,从以基础标准、产品标准为主到以技术标准和协调标准为主,标准的制定从"自上而下"到与"自下而上"相结合。

As the foundation of a strong country,manufacturing industry in China experiencing a historical leap from big manufacturing to a powerful one,which is not only the necessity of the development of China’s manufacturing industry to a certain historical stage,but also the independent choice under the construction of an economic power.The digital economy era has brought new opportunities and challenges.As an important tool for the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry,participating in international market competition and improving the voice of global governance,standards are facing great challenges.How to correct China’s standardization strategy according to the new domestic and international economic situation,prevent the fragmentation of manufacturing transformation and upgrading and"chaos before governance"is the first priority for the construction of a manufacturing power under the digital economy.China should adjust its standardization strategy,from serving the domestic market to taking into account domestic market,international competition and global governance,from government led to equal emphasis on government and market,from"back-up"standards to"leading"standards and digital standards for strategic emerging industries,from basic standards and product standards to technical standards and coordination standards,and the formulation of standards ranges from"top-down"to a combination of"bottom-up".