典型海洋生态系统生态修复成效评估研究进展与展望

Progress and prospects of research on evaluation of ecological restoration effectiveness of typical marine ecosystem

近年来,海洋生态系统生态修复成效评估研究日益受到关注。本文梳理了国内外在红树林、珊瑚礁、海草床、盐沼湿地等四类典型海洋生态系统生态修复成效评估指标和评估方法方面的研究进展。结果表明,典型海洋生态系统在进行生态修复成效评估时,基于修复目标和修复方法,评估指标选取虽各有侧重,但主要包括生物和生境状况两个方面。多数生态修复项目的监测、评估都是在短期内进行的,缺乏长期、连续性监测,社会和经济相关指标的研究还相对较为缺乏。成效评估方法目前没有比较清晰、全面的分类。实际应用的评估方法较为单一,对海洋生态系统服务价值揭示不够全面。建议未来应立足生态系统过程,加强各典型海洋生态系统生态修复中长期成效评估,开展基于生态修复方式的成效评估,以及社会经济文化效益评估等方面的研究。本文通过对成效评估指标和方法的梳理,以期更好地为典型海洋生态系统生态修复成效评估的理论和实践研究提供参考。

The evaluation of the effectiveness of ecological restoration of marine ecosystems have received increasing attention in recent years.This paper reviews the domestic and foreign research progresses in the evaluation indicators and methods of ecological restoration of four typical marine ecosystems,including mangroves,coral reefs,seagrass beds,and salt marshes.Results show that when evaluating the effectiveness of ecological restoration in typical marine ecosystems,based on restoration goals and methods,although the selection of evaluation indicators has its own focus,it mainly includes two aspects-biological and habitat conditions.The monitoring and evaluation process of most ecological restoration projects are carried out in a short period of time.Long-term,continuous monitoring researches on social and economic indicators are still relatively lacking.There is currently no clear and comprehensive classification of effectiveness evaluation methods.The evaluation methods in actual application are relatively limited,unable to comprehensively reflect the value of marine ecosystem services.It is recommended to strengthen the evaluation of the mid-term and long-term effectiveness of the restoration based on the process of typical marine ecosystems.The evaluation of the effectiveness of restoration methods and the evaluation of social,economic and cultural benefits are also needed.Through combing the effectiveness evaluation and methods,this paper aims to provide a better reference for the theoretical and practical researches on the effectiveness evaluation of ecological restoration of typical marine ecosystems.