圆筒型鱼礁体纵横布设间距下的水动力特性研究

Hydrodynamic Characteristics Under Different Longitudinal and Transverse Layout Spacing of Cylindrical Reefs

应用计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)软件数值计算了圆筒型人工鱼礁体在不同纵向和横向布设间距下的水动力特性,实测了圆筒型人工鱼礁体在纵向布设间距1.0L和2.0L(L为礁体长度)下的流场及受力特性,验证了物理模型实验中各个测点的流速值和阻力值,计算值与实验值吻合较好。研究结果表明:①圆筒型人工鱼礁体纵横布设间距不同时,水动力特性差异较大;②横向布设情况下,上升流最大高度、上升流水平跨度和阻力系数随间距增大而减小,横向布设间距为0.5L时,上升流最大高度最高,间距为2.0L时,上升流体积最大;③纵向布设情况下,上升流最大高度随间距增大而减小,上升流水平跨度和上升流体积随间距增大而增大,纵向间距为4.0L~5.0L时,增幅变缓,间距为4.0L时流场效应较好。本研究为人工鱼礁体组合布局及优化提供参考。

The hydrodynamic characteristics under different longitudinal and transverse layout spacing of cylindrical artificial reefs are calculated by Computational Fluid Dynamics software.The flow field and stress characteristics under the longitudinal layout spacing of 1.0L and 2.0L of cylindrical artificial reefs are measured,and the values of flow velocity and resistance obtained at each measuring points during the physical model experiments are verified,showing that the calculated values are in good agreement with the experimental values.The research results show that:①The hydrodynamic characteristics vary greatly when the longitudinal and transverse layout spacing of the cylindrical artificial reefs is different.②Under the case of transverse layout,the maximum height and horizontal span of upwelling as well as the resistance coefficient decrease with the increase of spacing.When the spacing is 0.5L,the maximum height of upwelling is the highest,and when the spacing is 2.0L,the volume of upwelling is the largest.③Under the case of longitudinal layout,the maximum height of upwelling decreases with the increase of spacing,whereas the volume and the horizontal span of upwelling increase with the increase of spacing.When the longitudinal spacing is 4.0L-5.0L the increase becomes slow,and when the spacing is 4.0L the flow field effect is better.This study can provide a reference for the combination,layout and optimization of the artificial reefs.