侵华战争时期日本民间智库的活动与影响——以昭和研究会为核心的考察

Activities and Influences of Japanese Civilian Brain Trust During the War of Japanese Aggression Against China:An Investigation Based on the Shyōwa Research Association

1931年日本发动九一八事变,开始了长达14年的侵华战争。在战争体制下,日本部分知识分子自发建立民间国策研究机构,表达对国家有担当、对社会有贡献的意愿,以智力协助战争。昭和研究会就是其中典型的民间智库组织。昭和研究会成立于1933年12月,1940年11月参加近卫新体制的大政翼赞会自动解散。昭和研究会作为近卫文麿的智囊而闻名朝野,其提出的“协同主义”理论,阐述“建设东亚新秩序”的必要性与“合理”性,为野蛮的侵略战争贴上“文明”“文化”的标签。本文通过昭和研究会的宗旨、理论、活动等,分析昭和研究会作为民间智库支持战争的行径,揭示侵华战争时期日本国内政治生态的复杂性,拓展抗日战争史、中日关系史的研究。

After the September 18 Incident in 1931,Japan launched the 14-year war of aggression against China.Under the wartime system,several Japanese intellectuals supported the war with their intelligence by voluntarily establishing civilian national policy research organizations to demonstrate their aspiration to undertake the responsibility for Japan and to make contributions to Japanese society.Among these research organizations,the Shyōwa Research Association was a typical civilian brain trust.The Shyōwa Research Association was founded in December,1933,and dissolved in November,1940,after being absorbed by the Imperial Rule Assistance Association to promote the goals of“Konoe Shintaisei”,namely,Prime Minister Fumimaro Konoe’s New Order movement.Well-known as a brain trust organization of Fumimaro Konoe,the Shyōwa Research Association brought forward synergism,which rationalized Japan’s savage aggression as the spread of civilization and culture under the name of the New Order in East Asia.Based on the tenets,theories,and activities of the Shyōwa Research Association,this paper analyzes the Shyōwa Research Association’s act of supporting Japan’s aggression as a civilian brain trust,which indicates the complexity of Japan’s domestic political environment during its aggression against China,by means of which this paper would help broaden the scope of studies of the history of the Chinese war of resistance against Japanese aggression and the history of Sino-Japanese relations.