上海地产葡萄和草莓中植物生长调节剂残留及膳食摄入风险评估

Plant growth regulator residues and dietary risk assessment of table grapes and strawberries in Shanghai

为进一步提高上海市地产葡萄和草莓的安全生产水平,降低消费者的膳食摄入风险,对2018–2019年间上海当地所产152份葡萄和91份草莓样品中的20种植物生长调节剂(PGRs)残留进行了实地调研及检测分析,并就其对不同人群的长期和短期膳食摄入风险进行了初步评估。调研发现:上海市地产葡萄普遍在开花前后使用赤霉酸和氯吡脲,而草莓种植中一般不使用PGRs。残留检测结果显示:葡萄中共检出脱落酸、赤霉酸、矮壮素和吲哚-3-乙酸4种PGRs残留,其中脱落酸的检出率为100%,平均残留量为0.088 mg/kg,另外3种PGRs的检出率均低于6.0%;草莓中共检出脱落酸和吲哚-3-乙酸2种PGRs残留,其中脱落酸检出率为100%,平均残留量为0.886 mg/kg。评估结果表明,通过食用上海地产葡萄和草莓摄入4种PGRs的长期暴露风险商(%ADI)最大值为0.004%,远低于100%,膳食摄入风险可忽略不计;通过食用葡萄摄入矮壮素的短期暴露风险商(%ARfD)最大值为0.55%,亦远低于100%,其短期摄入风险可接受。研究表明,上海地产葡萄和草莓中植物生长调节剂的整体残留水平及膳食摄入风险均较低。

The objective of this study was to get a clear picture of the residue levels of plant growth regulators(PGRs)on table grapes and strawberries in Shanghai,and provide scientific basis for their production and consumption safety.Residues of twenty PGRs were investigated in 152 batches of table grapes and 91 batches of strawberries produced in Shanghai from 2018 to 2019.The dietary risks of chronic exposure and acute exposure of PGRs in table grapes and strawberries were assessed for different population groups.Investigation results showed that gibberellic acid(GA3)and forchlorfenuron(CPPU)were commonly applied before and after blooming on table grapes,while no PGRs were used during the whole growth period of strawberries.The residue detection results showed that four PGRs residues were detected in grapes,including abscisic acid(ABA),GA3,chlormequat chloride(CCC)and indoleacetic-3-acid(IAA),among which ABA showed the highest detection rate of 100%and the mean concentration was 0.088 mg/kg.The detection rates of the rest three PGRs were below 6.0%in table grapes.ABA and IAA were detected in strawberries,among which ABA showed the highest detection rate of 100%and the mean concentration was 0.886 mg/kg.The dietary risk assessments showed that the maximum long-term exposure risk(%ADI)of four PGRs from Shanghai’s table grapes and strawberries through diet was 0.004%,which was far below 100%and indicated negligible dietary intake risk.The acute exposure risks expressed as%ARfD of CCC by table grapes consumption was 0.55%,which was also far lower than 100%showing that the acute intake risk was acceptable.In general,the residues and dietary exposure risks of PGRs from table grapes and strawberries in Shanghai were all at the relatively low level.