香蕉中农药多残留分析及短期膳食摄入风险评估

Pesticide multi-residue analysis and short-term dietary risk assessment in bananas

为掌握我国香蕉中农药残留情况及其短期膳食摄入风险,测定了采自香蕉主产省份生产基地及市场的196份香蕉样品中的农药残留,评估了所检出农药对我国成人和1~6岁儿童的短期膳食摄入风险。结果表明:香蕉全果中咪鲜胺(42.86%)、吡唑醚菌酯(40.82%)、吡虫啉(34.69%)及多菌灵(27.55%)的检出率较高;就农药类别而言则新烟碱类(45.92%)和甲氧基丙烯酸酯类(45.41%)农药的检出率较高。根据我国香蕉上相关农药的最大残留限量(MRL)标准,样品中吡虫啉共超出限量21次,腈苯唑和噻虫嗪各超出限量2次。香蕉全果中同时检出2种及2种以上农药残留的样品占56.63%;二元和三元农药组合占比最高,常见的二元和三元农药组合有吡唑醚菌酯/咪鲜胺、吡唑醚菌酯/吡虫啉和吡唑醚菌酯/吡虫啉/咪鲜胺、吡唑醚菌酯/多菌灵/咪鲜胺。香蕉果肉中吡虫啉(31.03%)的检出率最高,农药类别则新烟碱类(32.18%)的检出率最高,检出率较高的农药组合是腈苯唑/吡虫啉(3.45%)和戊唑醇/吡虫啉(2.30%)。香蕉果肉中所检出农药的短期膳食摄入风险商(%ARfD)均远小于100%,说明通过香蕉摄入的农药残留对人体不会产生不可接受的短期膳食风险。

To evaluate the pesticide residues in bananas and short-term dietary risk,196 samples were analyzed and short-term dietary risk to adult and children(1-6 years)was calculated.The most frequently detected pesticides in whole bananas were prochloraz(42.86%),pyraclostrobin(40.82%),imidacloprid(34.69%)and carbendazim(27.55%),and neonicotinoids(45.92%)and strobilurins(45.41%)were the most frequently detected pesticide groups.According to the MRLs of China,the residues of imidacloprid in 21 samples,fenbuconazole in 2 samples,and thiamethoxam in 2 samples exceeded the corresponding MRLs.Two or more pesticide residues were detected in 56.63%of the whole banana samples,and binary and ternary pesticide combinations accounted for the highest proportion.The most frequently detected binary and ternary pesticide combinations were pyraclostrobin/prochloraz,pyraclostrobin/imidacloprid,pyraclostrobin/imidacloprid/prochloraz,and pyraclostrobin/carbendazim/prochloraz.Imidacloprid(31.03%)was the most frequently detected pesticide and neonicotinoids(32.18%)was the most frequently detected pesticide group in banana pulp samples.The most frequently detected pesticide combinations in pulp samples were fenbuconazole/imidacloprid(3.45%)and tebuconazole/imidacloprid(2.30%).The short-term dietary risk(%ARfD)of pesticide residues in banana pulp for all populations were far below 100%,which indicated that there were no unacceptable short-term dietary risk to human beings through banana consumption.