321例老年慢性心力衰竭患者灵性需求现状及影响因素分析

Status Quo of Spiritual Needs and Its Influence Factors in Elderly Patients with Chronic Heart Failure:A 321-case Study

目的调查老年慢性心力衰竭患者灵性需求现状并分析其影响因素,为制订针对性的灵性照护干预措施提供参考。方法采用便利抽样法于2021年3—7月抽取天津市7家三级甲等医院共321例老年慢性心力衰竭患者作为调查对象,使用一般资料调查表、中文版灵性需求量表、领悟社会支持量表及自我超越量表进行问卷调查。结果321例老年慢性心力衰竭患者灵性需求总分为(40.51±15.89)分,条目均分为(1.50±0.56)分。6个维度中,条目均分最的是“积极给予”(1.97±0.75)分,最低的是“信仰-资源”(0.78±0.39)分;灵性需求与社会支持(r=0.687,P<0.01)及自我超越(r=0.701,P<0.01)均呈正相关;多元线性回归分析显示宗教信仰、文化程度、心力衰竭病程、社会支持及自我超越进入回归方程(F=59.681,P<0.01),可解释总变异的57.4%。结论321例老年慢性心力衰竭患者灵性需求处于中等水平,宗教信仰、文化程度、心力衰竭病程、社会支持及自我超越是影响老年慢性心力衰竭患者灵性需求的主要因素。医护人员应根据老年慢性心力衰竭患者个体化特征和差异采取针对性的灵性照护措施,可通过提升患者的社会支持和自我超越水平,来最大程度地满足其灵性需求。

Objective To investigate the status quo of spiritual needs and its influence factors among elderly patients with chronic heart failure,and to provide reference for the development of targeted spiritual care.Methods A convenient sample of 321 elderly patients with chronic heart failure were selected from 7 tertiary grade-A hospitals in Tianjin from March to July 2021,and they were surveyed by using general information questionnaire,the Chinese Version of the Spiritual Needs Questionnaire,the Perceived Social Support Scale and the Chinese Version of the Self-Transcendence Scale.Results The total score of spiritual needs was 40.51±15.89 and the average score for all entries was 1.50±0.56.Among the six dimensions,the highest score was“positive giving”1.97±0.75,the lowest“belief-resources”0.78±0.39.And spiritual needs were positively correlated with social support(r=0.687,P<0.01)and self-transcendence(r=0.701,P<0.01).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that religious beliefs,education background,course of heart failure,social support,and self-transcendence into the regression equation(F=59.681,P<0.01),explaining 57.4%of the total variation.Conclusion The spiritual needs of 321 elderly patients with chronic heart failure were in a moderate level.Religious beliefs,education background,course of heart failure,social support,and self-transcendence were the main factors affecting the spiritual needs.It is suggested that medical staff should take targeted spiritual care measures to meet their spiritual needs by improving social support and self-transcendence.