考古所见战国秦汉时期的“般官”研究

Research on the“Ban Officials”in the Period of Warring States and Qin and Han Dynasties Seen from Archaeological Discovery

在考古出土文物中常见一类战国秦汉时期的职官名称,其命名形式通常是“职官名+左般/中般/右般”,这类“般官”在传世文献中并无记载。在前人研究的基础上对此类般官进行综合考察和释读,认为般官命名中的“左”“中”“右”表明般官分左、中、右,并将“般”释读为“班”,表位次或班次,“左般”“中般”和“右般”则是对同一职官按不同位次或班次进行左、中、右排列的称呼,其职责均在各自所属职官执掌的范围之内。

A type of official name in the period of Warring States and Qin and Han Dynasties is commonly seen in the relics unearthed in archaeological discovery,and its naming form is usually“official name+Left/Middle/Right Ban”;and such“Ban Officials”are not recorded in handed down documents.On the basis of previous studies,the paper carries out a comprehensive investigation and interpretation on this kind of officials.It is considered that the Left,Middle and Right in the naming of“Ban Officials”indicates that the ranks or shifts be divided into left,middle and right,and the Chinese character“Ban”is interpreted as“classification”to indicate the ranks or shifts.“Left Ban”“Middle Ban”and“Right Ban”are the appellations that are being arranged for different ranks or shifts in the same official position,and the responsibilities of the appellations are within the scope of their respective official positions.