世界政治视角下的国际战略格局(2001-2021)

International Strategic Structure in the Perspective of World Politics(2001-2021)

国际战略格局是国际体系中一些具有全局性、根本性的结构性因素,制约和塑造了国家的对外政策、战略关系和国际秩序。从世界政治的视角出发,国际战略格局包括两个方面:国际力量格局和政治思潮格局。国际力量格局是单个国家间的力量分配状态,而政治思潮格局是世界政治思潮的兴衰状态。在过去的20年中,国际力量格局发生了实质性的变动,一超多强的力量结构开始向着两极化的方向发展,虽然美国仍然维持了总体上的单极地位。世界政治的思潮格局也发生了明显的变化,自由主义作为一种主导性的世界政治思潮在国际层面和国内层面都受到严峻的挑战,民族主义、民粹主义等思潮正在兴起。国际战略格局的这种态势将在一个较长时期内对于中国与其他国家之间的关系发展造成重大影响,但国际战略格局是一种可变的因素,而且其他因素(如核武器、经济相互依赖等)也会制约其作用的发挥。

The international strategic structure refers to some overall and fundamental structural factors in the international system which restrict and shape states’foreign policies,interstate strategic relations and international order.From the perspective of World Politics,the international strategic structure includes two aspects:the international structure of capability and the structure of political thoughts.The international structure of capability is the distribution of capabilities among individual countries,and the structure of political thoughts is the rise and fall of world political thoughts.In the past two decades,substantial changes have taken place in the international capability structure,and the structure composed of one superpower and a number of great powers has begun to develop towards a bi⁃polarization one,though the United States still maintains its overall unipolar position.The structure of world political thoughts has also undergone obvious changes.Liberalism,as a dominant world political thought,has been severely challenged at the international and domestic levels,and the political thoughts such as nationalism and populism are rising.This trend of the international strategic structure will have a significant impact on the development of relations between China and other countries in a long period of time.However,the international strategic structure is a varia⁃ble factor,and other factors such as nuclear weapons and economic interdependence will also restrict its role.