深圳市某木工企业噪声危害职业健康情况分析

Analysis of Occupational Health Hazards Caused by Noise in a Woodworking Enterprise in Shenzhen

目的分析深圳市某木业加工企业生产性噪声对接触噪声作业人员健康状况的影响,以期为制定木工企业噪声危害防控策略提供依据。方法选取2016年1月-2019年12月供职于深圳市某木业加工企业的接触噪声作业人员113例为研究对象,设为观察组。以该企业无噪声环境工作人员45例作为对照,设为对照组两组人员均接受职业健康检查,比较两组神经衰弱综合征、高血压、心电图异常发生情况和听力检测结果,分析噪声对木工企业作业人员健康状况的影响。结果观察组神经衰弱综合征、高血压患病率和心电图异常率明显高于对照组(P<0.05),接触噪声声压级越高神经衰弱综合征、高血压患病率和心电图异常率也随之上升。观察组听力分级正常检出率低于对照组(P<0.05),轻度高频听力损失检出率高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组中工龄≥10年组听力损失检出率高于其他工龄组。结论该木业加工企业存在较严重的噪声危害,接触噪声作业人员神经衰弱综合征、高血压、心电图异常发生风险高,且噪声性听力损失较严重,应加强噪声监测,进行重点防护,减少噪声对木工企业作业人员职业健康的影响。

Objective An analysis of the impact of production noise from a wood processing enterprise in Shenzhen on the health of workers exposed to noise,in order to provide a basis for formulating noise hazard prevention and control strategies for woodworking enterprises.Methods Selected 113 noise-exposed workers who worked in a wood processing company in Shenzhen from January 2016 to December 2019 as the research objects and set them as observation groups.Forty-five cases of workers in a noise-free environment of the company were used as controls and set as control groups.Both groups were received occupational health examinations to compare the occurrence of neurasthenia syndrome,hypertension,abnormal ECG and hearing test results,and analyze the impact of noise on the health of workers in woodworking enterprises.Results The prevalence rate of neurasthenia syndrome,hypertension,and abnormal ECG in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).The higher the noise level,the higher the prevalence of neurasthenia syndrome,hypertension,and the abnormal ECG rate.The detection rate of normal hearing classification in the observation group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05),and the detection rate of mild high-frequency hearing loss was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).In the observation group,the detection rate of hearing loss in the working age no less than 10 years group was higher than that in the other working age groups.Conclusion The wood processing enterprise has serious noise hazards,and workers exposed to noise are at high risk of neurasthenia syndrome,hypertension,and abnormal electrocardiogram,and noise-induced hearing loss is serious.Noise monitoring should be strengthened,and key protection should be carried out to reduce noise impact of occupational health of workers in woodworking enterprises.