TiAl合金精密成形技术发展现状及展望

Development Status and Prospect of Precision Forming Technology for TiAl Alloy

TiAl合金是一种优异的轻质耐高温结构材料,在航空、航天、汽车、兵器等热端部件制造领域具有广阔的应用和发展前景,但其较低的室温塑性、韧性和较差的冷/热加工性能,限制了其工程化的进程。为挖掘TiAl合金的应用潜力,国内外研究机构和企业从材料设计、组织性能调控到成形工艺等方面开展了卓有成效的研究。总结了近年来国内外在TiAl合金精密成形领域的研究进展,包括精密铸造、铸锭冶金、粉末冶金和增材制造技术,目前,TiAl合金精密铸造叶片和热加工叶片已成功应用到航空发动机上,粉末冶金成形和增材制造技术在复杂构件成形和板材成形上体现出独特优势,但仍需在低成本化和工艺稳定性上进一步提升。

As an excellent lightweight and high temperature resistant structural material, TiAl alloy has wide application and development prospect in hot end components for aviation, aerospace, automobile, weapons, etc. However, due to its poor cold and hot workability, low room temperature plasticity and fracture toughness, there are still great obstacles in further engineering.To tap the application potential of TiAl alloy, research institutions and enterprises all over the world have carried out fruitful research from material design, microstructure and property regulation to forming process. The work summarized the research progress in precision forming of TiAl alloy in recent years, including investment casting, ingot metallurgy, powder metallurgy and additive manufacturing technology. At present, TiAl alloy investment casting blades and hot working blades have been successfully applied to aeroengines. Powder metallurgy forming and additive manufacturing technology show unique advantages in complex component forming and sheet metal forming. However, they still need to be further improved in terms of low cost and process stability.