8种水生植物对高污染负荷水体除污能力的筛选

Screening of Eight Aquatic Plants for Treating High Pollution Load Wastewater

[目的]探讨水生植物对高浓度污染水体的净化能力。[方法]选取鸢尾(Iris tectorum)、美人蕉(Canna indica)、风车草(Cyperus alternifolius)、铜钱草(Hydrocotyle verticillata)、芦竹(Arundo donax)、再力花(Thalia dealbata)、泽泻(Alisma plantago-aquatica)、水葱(Scirpus validus)8种水生植物进行高浓度污染水体净化能力筛选,定期监测水体中的总氮、总磷、COD去除情况以及水体环境中pH、溶解氧(DO)和氧化还原电位(ORP)的变化,并对试验植物进行聚类分析。[结果]试验植物的根系活力、氮磷去除率、pH、DO、ORP间均存在显著差异,通过聚类分析将测试植物分为三大类,第1类为风车草,耐高污染、负荷能力强;第2类为芦竹和水葱,耐高污染、负荷能力中等;第3类为美人蕉、鸢尾、铜钱草、再力花、泽泻,耐高污染、负荷能力弱。[结论]对比8种水培植物的总氮和总磷去除能力表明,风车草对高浓度总氮和总磷去除能力最强,平均去除率为80.33%和85.93%,可作为高污染负荷水体净化的优先选择植物,芦竹和水葱可作为高浓度污染水体修复的备选植物,美人蕉、鸢尾、铜钱草、再力花、泽泻抗高污染逆境能力较差,不适合用于高污染废水修复,可以用于低浓度或微废水体修复。

[Objective]The aim of this study was to investigate the purification capacity of aquatic plants to high polluted water.[Method]Eight aquatic plants(Iris tectorum,Canna indica,Cyperus alternifolius,Hydrocotyle verticillata,Arundo donax,Thalia dealbata,Alisma plantago-aquatica and Scirpus validus)were selected to screen the purification ability of high-concentration polluted water.The removal of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,COD and the change of pH,DO and ORP in the water were monitored regularly,and the cluster analysis was carried out on the test plants.[Result]There were significant differences among the root activity,nitrogen and phosphorus removal rate,pH,DO and ORP of the test plants.The tested plants were divided into three categories by cluster analysis.The first category was Cyperus altrnlifolius,which had strong resistance to high pollution load.The second type had medium resistance to high pollution load,including Arundo donax and Scirpus validus.The third category had weak resistance to high pollution load,such as Canna indica,Iris Tectorum,Hydrocotyle verticillata,Thalia dealbata and Alisma plantago-aquatica.[Conclusion]The total nitrogen and total phosphorus removal ability of eight kinds of hydroponic plants were compared.The results showed that Cyperus altrnlifolius had the strongest purification ability of TN and TP removal efficiency in the high concentration polluted water body,and the average removal rates were 80.33%and 85.93%,which could be used as high pollution load preferred water purification plant.Arundo donax and Scirpus validus could be used as alternative plants for the restoration of high-concentration polluted water bodies.Canna indica,Iris Tectorum,Hydrocotyle verticillata,Thalia dealbata and Alisma plantago-aquatica had poor resistance to high-pollution adversity and were not suitable for the restoration of high-pollution wastewater.They could be used for the restoration of low-concentration or micro-wastewater bodies.