荀子“佹诗”及《赋》考——兼论《赋》在文体史上的意义

Xun Zi’s “Gui Shi” and Fu——Also on the Significance of Fu in the History of Literary Style

荀子《赋篇》中的"佹诗",乃是诡异之诗的意思。《佹诗》中的小歌并非赋的"乱曰""倡",实与先秦歌谣风俗分不开;《战国策》所记载的"因为赋曰"云云不能作为《佹诗》是赋体的证据。此外",佹诗"表现了与其以诗教化截然不同的观念,其背后体现了荀子的变风思想和诗言志传统,故而题之曰"佹"。是以,《赋篇》的"赋"不是文体",赋"兼直陈与诵读两个特征。这是《佹诗》被归入《赋》的原因。从历时角度出发",赋"作为《诗》之六义,再到荀子的《赋篇》,显示出诗赋界限不明且赋之包纳范围大于诗之范围的特点。《赋篇》虽不是文体意义上的赋,但带有赋的文体特征,且又直接命名为"赋"。赋作为文体的命名最终的确定,与荀子有关;并且,荀子的《赋篇》使汉代诗人之赋兴起并由此提高了赋文学地位。

The name of the poem "Gui Shi"in Xunzi’s "Fu"means a weird poem. The short songs in"Gui Shi"are not the "Luan"or "Chang"of fu(a literary style), which is inseparable from the folk songs and customs of pre-Qin Dynasty. The "fu for the sake of Fu"recorded in the Strategies of the Warring States cannot be taken as the evidence that "Gui Shi"is in the style of fu. In addition,"Gui Shi"expresses a concept completely different from the educational function of poetry, which embodies Xunzi’s ideas and the tradition of poetry expressing ambition, hence the title"Gui Shi". Therefore,"fu"is not a style of writing, and "fu"has two characteristics: direct expression and recitation. This is the reason why "Gui Shi"is included in "Fu". Thirdly, from a diachronic point of view, "fu"as the six meanings of "Poetry", and then xun Zi’s "Fu", it shows that the boundaries between poetry and fu are unclear, and the scope of fu is larger than the scope of poetry. Again, although "Fu"is not fu in the sense of style, it has the stylistic characteristics of fu and is directly named "Fu". As the final determination of the naming of style, fu is related to Xunzi, whose"Fu"raised fu style poems in the Han dynasty and enhanced the literary status of fu accordingly.